Insulin does not enter the cell that it affects. Instead, it starts a signal cascade within the cell. The signal culminates with the regulation of insulin-sensitive cytosolic enzymes and the transcription of specific nuclear genes that regulate metabolism. Place the steps of the insulin signaling pathway that regulates gene transcription in the order in which they occur. Not all the steps will be placed.
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- Which of the following is a consequence of insulin signaling? (select all that apply) Cell growth/division genes upregulated Increased cellular glucose uptake through GLUT4 transporter glycogen degradation Glucose synthesisChronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.Feedback loops regulate the release of hormones in either a positive or negative loop. Consider this example: The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). TSH then stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone. When elevated levels of thyroid hormone are detected by the hypothalamus and pituitary further release of TRH and TSH is suppressed. a. What type of feedback loop is described and briefly explain that type of feedback loop? * Your answer (LENGHT DOESN'T MATTER, I NEED IT ASASP PLEASE)
- What protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrateDescribe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.individually, growth hormone and cortisol each cause a small amount of lipid breakdown in fat cells. When both hormones are present together they cause a very large amount of lipid breakdown. This is an example of _____. synergistic effects of hormones upregulation of hormone secretion due to negative feedback a possitive feedback loop where hormone secretion continues to increase
- Which of the following is the best example of negative feedback for a steroid hormone? plasma membrane receptor activating a G protein plasma membrane receptor that activates the MAP Kinase pathway nuclear hormone receptor activating transcription of enzymes that synthesize the hormone nuclear receptor inhibiting its own transcriptionWhat does the feedback loop for Vincent look like? Be sure to indicate all the hormones and glands involved in the feedback loop. Indicate whether the hormone levels are increasing or decreasing. Use arrows to indicate the direction of influence and label whether it is negative or positive feedback. Construct a feedback loop. To treat Vincent's condition the doctors removed a small part of the thyroid gland. After the surgery what were the thyroxin feedback loop look like now? Use the feedback loop generated for the first part of the question and modify it to demonstrate the change is stemming from the medical treatment.In which of the following rows the proteins are involved in the PI3K pathway in the insulin receptor signaling? 1) PI3K, MEK and GSK 2) PI3K, PDK1 and PKB 3) PI3K, PKG and Raf 4) PI3K, PDK1 and GSK 5) Grb2, SOS, and Ras
- Which of the following responses would NOT occur upon activation of MC2R (G protein coupled receptor that regulates the production of cortisol) ? a. Increased transcription of the genes for the enzymes to make cortisol b. Activation of enzymes required to make cortisol c. Increased transcription of the cortisol gene d. Decreased activity of miRNA that target the enzymes required to make cortisolHow does a compound that inhibits the GTPase activity of G-alpha affect liver cell responses to epinephrine? It would increase proliferation. It would decrease glucose production. It would decrease proliferation. It would increase glucose production.By what mechanisms are GLUT transporters added to the membrane of insulin-dependent cells after insulin binds to its receptor? -endocytosis -exocytosis -facilitated diffusion -paracellular transport -transcytosis Don't copy from Google i need unique answer