By what mechanisms are GLUT transporters added to the membrane of insulin-dependent cells after insulin binds to its receptor? -endocytosis -exocytosis -facilitated diffusion -paracellular transport -transcytosis
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- Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices a. Glycogen synthesis is activated b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivatedWhat protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrateWhich of the following is the primary process by which insulin stimulates glucose transport into adipose tissue cells?A) Activating Na+-K+ ATPaseB) Increasing synthesis of the glucose transporterC) Phosphorylating glucose to maintain the gradient of free glucose across the cellD) Promoting movement of the glucose transporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane
- Which of the following enzymes are activated after insulin binds to its receptor? (select all that apply) Protein Phosphatase-1 Glycogen Synthase Lipase Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Glycogen phosphorylase Glycogen phosphorylase kinaseIf our body lack of insulin, is it mean the glucose in our blood is low concentration now. So is it will effect pathways in mucles cell like glycolysis, fatty acids synthesis, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis (increase or decrease)? I know the liver can regconize that low or high concentration of blood glucose so insulin or glucagon can act as the signal for liver can know, but is the muscle cell can do it to? If not, how they know to adjust their pathways. And if our body lack of insulin, is the liver cells response same as glucagon signaling.Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Question 19 options: Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.
- Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.help fill in the blanks Glucose is exported from liver cells when [hexokinase IV/glucose 6-phosphatase] and [glycogen synthase/glycogen phosphorylase] are active during [glucagon/insulin] signaling. It is exported through [GLUT1/GLUT2/GLUT4] into the bloodstream.People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought to be a result of: the lack of increase in glucagons in the se individuals the presence of insulin in the individuals their obesity the fact that, their blood glucose levels do not tend to rise significantly Metabolic actions of insulin include all of the following except: increased glycogenesis decreased gluconeogenesis increased basal metabolic rate increased skeletal muscle amino acid up-take all of the above are metabolic actions of insulin
- What advantage is there to having insulin-dependent glucose transporters already synthesized and prepackaged in a cell, even before it is stimulated by insulin?Insulin - For the hormone Insulin (in humans) what is; 1. the origin (gland that secretes the hormone) 2. action of the hormone 3. source of control (how is the hormone regulatedChoose the correct. Insulin inhibits this catabolic process:A. Conversion of protein to aminoacidsB. Conversion of aminoacids to proteinsC. Conversion of glucose to fatty acidsD. GlycogenesisE. Conversion of fatty acids to triglycerides