Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance. Based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, explain why electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei inthese interactions.

Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance. Based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, explain why electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei inthese interactions.

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Chapter27: Quantum Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4STP

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: A radiation detector exposed to light from a source gives an output of 0.71 J cm¯² min¯¹ as…

A: Write the expression for the power density of photon. Here, H represents the power density, φ…

Q: What is the wavelength of an electron moving with a speed of 5.55 x 105 m/s? What must be the speed…

Q: When radiation having a wavelength of 385 nm is directed at the surface of a certain metal,…

Q: true or false: The maximum energy of the ejected electrons is proportional to the intensity of the…

A: Given statement : The maximum energy of the ejected electrons is proportional to the intensity of…

Q: At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus)? Assume the…

A: Given Data: Wavelength, λp=6 fm=6×10-15 m Situation is non-relativistic Standard Data Used: Plank's…

Q: Positrons cannot penetrate matter more than a few atomic diameters, but positron emission of…

A: Positron emission tomography is a method that is used to observe brain structure and function. In…

Q: If the minimum wavelength of the X-ray photons produced by Bremsstrahlung interactions in an X-ray…

Q: Photoelectrons from a material with a binding energy of 2.71 eV are ejected by 420-nm photons. Once…

A: For the photoelectric effect, the expression for the energy is:

Q: A deuteron and an alpha particle are accelerated with the same accelerating potential. Which one of…

A: De-Broglie wavelength of an accelerating deuteron particle can be given as, Here, md denotes the…

Q: An alpha particle (m = 6.64 × 10−27 kg) emitted in the radioactive decay of Uranium-238 has an…

A: An alpha particle m=6.64×10-27kg To find the de -Broglie wavelength

Q: In a Rutherford scattering experiment a target nucleus has a diameter of 1.4×10-14 m. The incoming…

A: We know, P is momentum

Q: At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus)? Assume the…

A: The de Broglie equation is,

Q: The binding energy of Sodium is 2.28eV. Calculate the number of photoelectrons ejected from a…

Q: Photoelectrons from a material with a binding energy of 2.71 eV are ejected by 420-nm photons. Once…

Q: In a Rutherford scattering experiment, alpha particles having kinetic energy of 7.70 MeV are fired…

A: We know that De-Broglie wavelength λ = h2m.E = h2mevwhere, h = planek constant m =…

Q: Consider two particles, γ and ζ, whose fundamental properties and velocity are identical, except…

A: Velocity of both particles are identical . Mass of Z is half of mass of Y .

Q: A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential. Which one of the…

A: Given: The electric potential is the same for proton and deuteron. Explanation: The kinetic energy…

Q: What must be the angle between the direction of propagation of the incident and scattered photons if…

Q: Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron with a kinetic energy of 0.0980 eV

A: The mass of neutron, m=1.67×10-27kg The kinetic energy of the neutron KE=0.0980 eVKE…

Q: If the minimum wavelength of the X-ray photons produced by Bremsstrahlung interactions in an X-ray…

Q: Is the angular momentum of alpha-particles in Rutherford scattering conserved?

A: In the process of Rutherford scattering, the force acting on the alpha particle is electrostatic…

Q: The threshold wavelength for wolfram photoemission is approximately 230 nm. What wavelength of light…

Q: What is the maximum kinetic energy in eV of electrons ejected from a certain metal by 430nm em…

A: Photoelectric effect is the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it. From…

Q: true or false: The maximum energy of the ejected electrons is proportional to the velocity of the…

A: Given a statement, To state whether it's true / false

Q: X rays with a wavelength of 71 pm are directed onto a gold foil and eject tightly bound electrons…

Q: The 10-fold X-ray reduction values for (a) water, (b) concreate, (c) iron and (d) lead are equal 100…

Q: Thermal neutrons are produced by a fission nuclear reactor. The temperature of the neutrons is about…

Q: Attenuation coefficient of bone is 600 m1 for x-rays of energy 20 keV and intensity of beam of…

A: Given, attenuation coefficient of bone=u=600 m^-1 The energy of x ray=20kev intensity of beam…

Q: A particle cannot generally be localized to distances much smaller than its de Broglie wavelength.…

Q: Consider a situation where ejected electrons are detected from a metal exposed to ultraviolet light.…

Q: What speed should neutrons have if they are to have a wavelength of 65 pm?

A: Given: Wavelength λ=65 pm or 65 × 10-12 m Mass of neutron m = 1.67 × 10-27 kg To determine: Speed v…

Q: The least massive particle known to exist is the electron neutrino. Though scientists once believed…

A: mass, m = 3.9 x 10-36 kg speed, v = 4.4 x 106 m/s

Q: Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substances.…

A: Solution:

Q: A) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron (mn = 1.67493×10-27 kg) moving at one six…

A: According to question we need to find--- A) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron ? B)…

Q: Explain how an a-particle of energy much less than height of the coulomb potential barrier is…

A: Just like chemical reactions, nuclear reactions are reversible. But often, the probability is very…

Q: Radiation of a certain wavelength causes electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 0.62 eV to be…

A: Find the energy of the incident light by using the photoelectric effect equation applied for the…

Q: If the maximum wavelength present in the scattered x-rays is 10 pm and the maximum kinetic energy of…

Q: .. Radiation of a certain wavelength causes electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 0.62 ev to be…

Concept explainers

Rutherford's scattering experiment

Rutherford’s scattering experiment is also known as the gold foil experiment. This experiment disproved the plum pudding model of J.J. Thomson. In a gold foil experiment, high-energy alpha particles are made to strike a thin gold foil. The scattered alpha particles are detected using a detector. This experiment showed that the positive charge of the atom is at the center. Most of the atom’s mass is also confined to a small volume at the center. This region is known as the nucleus of the atom.

Question

Video Video

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

X-rays form ionizing radiation that is dangerous to living tissue and undetectable to the human eye. Suppose that a student researcher working in an X-ray diffraction laboratory is accidentally exposed to a fatal dose of radiation. Calculate the temperature increase of the researcher under the following conditions: the energy of X-ray photons is 200 keV and the researcher absorbs 41013 photons per each kilogram of body weight during the exposure. Assume that the specific heat of the student’s body is O.83kcal/kg K.
When radiation having a wavelength of 385 nm is directed at the surface of a certain metal, electrons are ejected with a maximum velocity of 2.61×105 meters per second.• Calculate the energy carried by one photon of the radiation.Ephoton = Answer J• Calculate the kinetic energy of the electrons (in joules per electron).Ekinetic = Answer J per electron• Calculate the work function energy for the material in kJ per mole of electrons ejected.Ework function = Answer kJ/mole of e–
Attenuation coefficient of bone is 600 m⁻¹ for x-rays of energy 20 keV and intensity of beam of x-rays is 20 Wm⁻², then intensity of beam after passing through a bone of 4mm is
What is the difference between ϒ rays and characteristic x rays? Is either necessarily more energetic than the other? Which can be the most energetic?
In an x ray tube having a copper metal as target, electrons with 20kev energy send to target material to produce x rays. Please explain in detail why X-rays having different wavelengths (between 0.6-3.0 Angstrom) are formed instead of a formation of X-rays with a single wavelength. In other words, why continuous x ray spectrum composed of broad range of wavelengths instead of a single wavelength, what is the physical explanation?
A 1 MeV photon collides with a stationary electron in the vicinity of a heavy nucleus and is absorbed (a free electron cannot capture a photon). If the recoil energy of the nucleus can be neglected, what is the velocity of the electron after the collision? *****Use relativistic equations not kinematics*****
A) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron (mn = 1.67493×10-27 kg) moving at one six hundredth of the speed of light (c/600). (Enter at least 4 significant figures.) B) Calculate the velocity of an electron (me = 9.10939×10-31 kg) having a de Broglie wavelength of 230.1 pm.
X rays with a wavelength of 71 pm are directed onto a gold foil and eject tightly bound electrons from the gold atoms.The ejected electrons then move in circular paths of radius r in a region of uniform magnetic field . For the fastest of the ejected electrons, the product Br is equal to 1.88 * 10-4 T.m. Find (a) the maximum kinetic energy of those electrons and (b) the work done in removing them from the gold atoms.
Most microwave ovens emit electro-magnetic radiation with a wavelength () of 12.24 cm. This EM-radiation is used to heat stuff up, like food, and it is emitted at a rate of 6.30 × 1026 photons/second for a typical microwave. How long will it take to boil a 175.0 mL cup of water initially at 25.5 ºC (water boils at 100.0 ºC) if 45.0% of the photons emitted by the microwave oven are absorbed by the water? My answer does not even make any sort of rational sense...
In Rutherford's scattering of alpha-particles in a thin gold foil, one neglects the effect of atomic electrons on the alpha-particles. Why?
The isotope of Nickel, 66Ni decays by β emission, has a half-life of 2.3 days. and the β particles have an average energy of 65 keV. A source consisting of this isotope has an initial number of atoms N0 = 5 x 1020 atoms. What is the power per unit area initially deposited by this source in a small target placed at 1m distance from the source?