States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
- If it takes 54 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to neutralize 125 mL of an HCl solution, what is the concentration of theHCl?
- If it takes 25 mL of 0.05 M HCl to neutralize 345 mL of NaOH solution, what is the concentration of the NaOH solution?
- A 5 mL sample of 0.215 M KOH was titrated with a weak acid. It took 21.2 mL of the acid to reach the equivalence point. What is the molarity of the acid?
- The concentration of LiOH is 0.50 M. If 25 mL of LiOH is needed to titrate 40 mL of HNO3 (nitric acid) what is the concentration of HNO3?
- What is the purpose of an indicator in a solution with an unknown concentration?
- It tells when there is enough acid in the
- It tells when the equivalence point is
- It tells when there is enough base in the
- Write the complete equation for the neutralization reaction between solutions of potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric
- If the experiment started with solid KHP instead of a solution, why would it be acceptable to use a graduated cylinder to measure the water to make the KHP solution when a volumetric flask is used to mix the NaOHsolution?
- What is standardization and why does NaOH have to be standardized?
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