ith timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the timeout period can be relative long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there an

ith timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the timeout period can be relative long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there an

Operations Research : Applications and Algorithms

4th Edition

ISBN:9780534380588

Author:Wayne L. Winston

Publisher:Wayne L. Winston

Chapter20: Queuing Theory

Section20.10: Exponential Queues In Series And Open Queuing Networks

Problem 8P

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Concept explainers

Network transmission cabling

A network is a collection of devices connected by communication links. A device can be a computer or any instrument capable of sending and receiving data or information formed by other nodes toward the network. A channel that connects people or things is known as a network. It sends the data from one place to another. It is the basic concept of a computer, network, and data communications.

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One of the problems with timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the timeout period can be relative long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there any remedy for this?

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One of the problems with timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the time-out period can be relatively long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there any remedy for this?
For the sake of this example, let us assume that a packet is being sent from its origin to an address at the other end of the network through a fixed path. The following are other reasons for lateness: How long do the majority of total delays last, and what proportion of total delays are time-dependent?
Let's imagine, for the sake of illustration, that a packet is now being sent from one site to another along a predetermined route. The following is a list of the components that make up the delay: Which of these delays is an ongoing problem, and which of them is sporadic in nature?
Assume for the sake of this example that a packet is being sent from a source to an address at the other end of the network via the fixed route. List all the delays' varied causes as well: How many delays are roughly time-dependent and how many are roughly continuous for how long?
In a selective-reject automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control protocol, the bit error rate (BER) is assumed to be BER= 10 ^-8 and the frames are assumed to be 1000 bits long. The probability that it will take exactly 11 attempts to transmit a frame successfully is: (a) 0.99 (b) 99x10 ^-22 (c) 10x10^ -6 (d) 1000x10 ^-5 The probability of receiving a frame in error is approximately: (a) 10^ -3 (b) 10^ -5 (c) 10^ -6 (d) 10^ -2
It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?
Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose that a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually, the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
To ensure the quality of service, especially for multiple applications, regulating the rate at which packets are sent to the network is an important strategy. The leaky bucket is just one of such mechanisms. A flow of packets is said to conform to the leaky bucket specification (r, b), where r is the average rate and b is the burst rate, if the number of packets arriving at the leaky bucket is less than r*t + b in every time interval of t. What is the implication of that? What will happen if the number of packets arriving at the leaky bucket is equal to or greater than r*t + b?