Jaime  is  a  non-VAT  seller  of  goods.  Since  he  has  no  official  receipts  or  invoices  to  support  his expenses, he opted for the Optional Standard Deduction (OSD). When he filed his income tax return, he intentionally applied  the rate of 20% on his gross sales. In this case, Jaime applied this type of scheme: Capitalization Shifting Evasion Avoidance

SWFT Comprehensive Volume 2019
42nd Edition
ISBN:9780357233306
Author:Maloney
Publisher:Maloney
Chapter5: Gross Income: Exclusions
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 18DQ
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Jaime  is  a  non-VAT  seller  of  goods.  Since  he  has  no  official  receipts  or  invoices  to  support  his expenses, he opted for the Optional Standard Deduction (OSD). When he filed his income tax return, he intentionally applied  the rate of 20% on his gross sales. In this case, Jaime applied this type of scheme:

  1. Capitalization
  2. Shifting
  3. Evasion
  4. Avoidance
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