Josh is playing blackjack for real money. He has reference-dependent preferences over money: if his earnings are m and his reference point is r, then his utility is v(m – r, where the value function v satisfies v(x) = In(x + 1) for x > 0, and v(x) = -2 In(-x + 1) for x < 0. assume that Josh's reference point is O Euro (that is, no wins or losses) and for the given situation, answer the following questions: (i) What is the g for which Josh would be indifferent between taking a fifty- fifty win g Euro or lose 5 Euro gamhle?
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- Kevin's reference dependent utility over money is y and effort is E, refer to the: instantaneous utility function: rt: reference point for wealth, which demonstrated his recent wealth Kevin does not have from money but from gains and losses of money instead. There is no discounting, and assume that Kevin's current wealth from his job is 0. Kevin is thinking about a new role at work which allows him to increase his income by $1000 per period for two periods, counting from the current period, which is t = 0. He must undergo a training which require an effort of EO = 3500 at that value of alpha, how much ultility would Kevin lose relative to his non-projection-biased preferences if she took the position 1000 250 500 750A manager must determine which of two products to market. From market studies, the manager constructed the following payoff matrix of the present value of all future net profits under all the different possible states of the economy: State of the economy Product 1 Product 2 Probability Profit ($) Probability Profit ($) Boom 0.2 50 0.2 30 Normal 0.5 20 0.4 20 Recession 0.3 0 0.4 10 The manager’s utility function for money is U = 100M – M2 where U is the total utility of money (in utils) and M refers to the dollars of profit. Determine if this manager a risk seeker, risk neutral, or a risk averter. Explain your answer. If the manager’s objective was profit maximization regardless of risk (أي دون أخذ المخاطرة بعين الاعتبار), which product should the manager introduces? Explain your answer. Evaluate the risk associated per dollar of profit with each product, i.e. find the coefficient of variation for each project.…Consider the model of limited commitment that we learned in Chapter 10. In particular, the loan from the bank must be supported by a collateral, whose value is given by pH. The consumer’s lifetime wealth is then we=y−t+y′−t′+pH1+r where y and y′ are the current and future income, t and t′ are the current and future taxes, and r is the real interest rate. The consumer chooses consumption in the current period c and future period c′ to maximize the lifetime utility given by u(c, c′) = ln c + ln c′. Answer the following questions. Write down the lifetime budget constraint of this consumer. Derive the constraint of loan size which guarantees pay back. In particular, write down the condition that restricts the size of current consumption c. Formulate the consumer’s problem. Solve the problem.
- Consider the Diamond-Dybvig model of bank runs utility function is given by U(c) = √c and that the parameter values are R = 4, discount factor ß = 1/3, and π = 2/5 A) How much do type-1 agents and type-2 agents consume in periods 1 and 2 under autarky, i.e., if there are no banks, insurance companies, or markets? What is the ex-ante expected utility that they derive in this scenario? How much do type-1 agents and type-2 agents consume in periods 1 and 2 in the "good" banking equilibrium? What is the ex-ante expected utility that they derive in this scenario? How many agents are able to execute their claims in period 1 (i.e., withdraw the maximum amount they have been promised) in the bank run equilibrium?An investor has a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function, u(c)=-e^(-αc), where c represents consumption and α > 0. There are two equally probable states of nature, called 1 and 2, and two assets that can be acquired, each of which is attractive in a state of nature as follows: Each unit of asset 1 yields one unit of consumption in state 1 and nothing in state 2. Each unit of asset 2 yields nothing in state 1 and one unit of consumption in state 2. The price of each asset i is denoted by πi, which are normalized to π1 + π2 = 1. The investor has a monetary wealth of w units that must be distributed between the two assets. Denote xi the number of units of asset i that he acquires. Formulate the investor's expected utility maximization problem, subject to your budget constraint. Find the optimal quantities x of each asset i for this investor. How do these amounts of assets vary according to the α parameter? What is the economic interpretation of this relationship?Consider an economy in which there is one consumer born at the start of each time period. Each consumer lives for two periods and receives an endowment of 1 unit of the consumption good when young. At the start of the economy there is a consumer who is already old. This consumer owns one unit of money but has no endowment of the consumption good. Money has no intrinsic value. a. Can money be valuable in a finite economy (one that has a known end point)? b. Can money be valuable in an infinite economy? c. Can money allow exigency to be attained?
- Excercise: Consider the Diamond-Dybvig model of bank runs utility function is given by U(c) = √c and that the parameter values are R = 4, discount factor ß = 1/3, and π = 2/5 A) How much do type-1 agents and type-2 agents consume in periods 1 and 2 under autarky, i.e., if there are no banks, insurance companies, or markets? What is the ex-ante expected utility that they derive in this scenario? B) How much do type-1 agents and type-2 agents consume in periods 1 and 2 in the "good" banking equilibrium? What is the ex-ante expected utility that they derive in this scenario? C) How many agents are able to execute their claims in period 1 (i.e., withdraw the maximum amount they have been promised) in the bank run equilibrium?suppose that Charlie faces the same choice, but he always integrates the gains or losses of both days regardless of how he chooses to check his investment. Also, assume now that if he decides to check at the end of each day, he has an additional option of pulling all his money out of the stock market at the end of the first day if he wishes. Would Charlie pull his money out at the end of the first day, if he finds that his investment has gone up by $3000? Explain. Would Charlie pull his money out at the end of the first day, if he finds that his investment has gone down by $1000? Explain. Given the investment decisions in Questions (2) and (3), which will he prefer, to check at the end of each day or to check only at the end of the second day?Jamal has a utility function U = W1/2, where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains from that wealth. In the final stage of a game show, the host offers Jamal a choice between (A) $4 million for sure, or (B) a gamble that pays $1 million with probability 0.6 and $9 million with probability 0.4. (1) Does A or B offer Jamal a higher expected utility? Explain your reasoning with calculations. (2) Should Jamal pick A or B? Why? I would like help with the unanswered last parts of the questions.
- Assuming a mix of present and future consumption is preferred, ANY consumer who starts at point A will gain utility from a rise in interest rates. is it true or falseExplain how a utility could use a simple forward power purchase contract to take awaymost of the bill volatility, without dampening the incentives from hourly pricingINV 1 5aiv Suppose that you have the following utility function: U=E(r) – ½ Aσ2 and A=3 Suppose that you have $10 million to invest for one year and you want to invest that money into ETFs tracking the S&P 500 (US) and S&P/TSX 60 (Canada) index, which are often used as proxies for the US and Canadian stock markets, respectively, and the Canadian one-year T-bill. Assume that the interest rate of the one-year T-bill is 0.35% per annum. You have found two ETFs that you are interested in. From a set of their historical data between 2001 and 2019, you have estimated the annual expected returns, standard deviations, and covariance as follows: ETFUS : E(r)= 0.070584 standard deviation = 0.173687 ETFCDA : E(r)= 0.073763 standard deviation = 0.16816 Covariance between ETFUS and ETFCDA = 0.02397 What is the standard deviation for ETFCDA?