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- Although our development of the Keynesian cross in this chapter assumes that taxes are a fixed amount, most countries levy some taxes that rise automatically with national income. (Examples in the United States include the income tax and the payroll tax.) Let’s represent the tax system by writing tax revenue as T = T− + tY, where T− and t are parameters of the tax code. The parameter t is the marginal tax rate: if income rises by $1, taxes rise by t × $1. 1.How does this tax system change the way consumption responds to changes in GDP? 2. Im the Keynesian cross, how does this tax system alter the government purchases multiplier? 3. In the IS–LM model, how does this tax system alter the slope of the IS curve? (solve all three tasks)Assuming that there is no government spending or trade, an economy’s GDP is the sum of domestic consumption C and investment I, i.e. Y = C+ I Assume that I is unaffected by GDP Assume the consumption function is C = c0 + c1Y In any equilibrium aggregate demand, AD must be equal to Y, GDP. Given this model, which of the following statements is correct? choose 5 Select one or more: a. In a demand-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium b. In a demand-driven economy, supply creates its own demand c. The aggregate demand equation is given by AD = c0 + c1Y + I d. If the economy above is a demand-driven economy, then the equilibrium solution for Y is given by Y = (c0 + I)/(1-c1 ) e. In a demand-driven economy the AD curve is a vertical line f. In a supply-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium g. if c1 is a number between 0 and 1, and I+c0 >0 then the aggregate demand equation is a straight line that must intersect the…hi, posting this again. will you let me know if these are correct? 18- tax cuts directed at higher income individuals will do more to stimulate the economy than those directed to lower income individuals, in the keynesian model.-true 19- growing federal budget deficits are a problem cased by kenynesian economics- false 20- Keynes advocated using government deficits in times of depression -true
- - Assuming that there is no government spending or trade, an economy’s GDP is the sum of domestic consumption C and investment I, i.e. Y = C+ I- Assume that I is unaffected by GDP- Assume the consumption function is C = c + c Y- In any equilibrium aggregate demand, AD must be equal to Y, GDP. Which NINE of the following statements are correct? a. The aggregate demand equation is given by AD = c + c Y + I b. c is equal to autonomous consumption c. if c is a number between 0 and 1, and I+c >0 then the aggregate demand equation is a straight line that must intersect the 45 degree line at some point. d. In a demand-driven economy the AD curve is a vertical line e. In a demand-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium f. In a supply-driven economy demand is equal to supply in equilibrium g. In a demand-driven economy, supply creates its own demand h. If the economy above is a demand-driven economy, then the equilibrium solution for Y is given by Y= c + c + I i. If…Consider a 4-sector Keynesian model like that discussed in class with the following characteristics: exogenous consumption=10000, exogenous taxation=4000, government spending=5000, exports=5000, planned investment=2000. The marginal propensity to save=50%, the marginal tax rate (t)=30% and the marginal propensity to import (m)=20%. The potential output for the economy is 16000. Note that import demand is given by M=m(1-t)Y. 1. What is the output gap?In a keynesian model it is assumed that the consumption function is given by C= 2000 + 0.75 (Y-T) and the planned investment is 1,000 government purchases and taxes are both of those and formulate and draw a graph of planned expenditure as a function of income What is the equilibrium level in the part above If the government purchases increased by 1250 what is the equilibrium income With the aid of a algebra prove that a balanced budget multiplier is always equals to 1
- You are given data on the following variables in an economy: Government spending 300 Planned investment 200 Net exports 50 Autonomous taxes 250 Income tax rate 0.1 Marginal propensity to consume 0.5 Use the data above to answer the following questions. Consumption (C) is 600 when income (Y) is equal to 1500. Solve for autonomousconsumption. Solve for the equilibrium level of output in the following two scenarios: there isan income tax t=0.1, there is no income tax in the economy. Denote these two variablesby and respectively. In the economy with an income tax of 10%, what is the budget balance of thegovernment? Solve…Consider a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determined by autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and the marginal propensity to consume. a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in this economy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, use algebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. (2 marks) c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demand function from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the two lines intersect, with numerical values. d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What would the new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew for part (c). e)…Suppose a closed economy with no government spending which in equilibrium is producing an output and income of 2250. Suppose also that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, and that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3050 By how much would the government need to cut taxes (T) to bring the economy to full employment?
- 1. Consider an economy where the potential output is equal to the equilibrium output (i.e., 7 =Y) and the country is running a budget deficit (i.e., G>T). Suppose that the households in this economy become very thrifty. a. Using the IS-LM model, illustrate (draw a graph) and explain what happens to r and Y due to increasing thriftiness. b. If the government wants to stabilize output Y at its potential Y and balance the budget at the same time, illustrate (Draw a graph ) and explain what combination of monetary and fiscal policies should be implemented.1. In the Keynesian model, suppose that the economy has the following values : C = 100 + 0.75*Y G = 300 I = 200 NX = 0 (remember Y = GDP = C + I + G + NX) a) Solve for the level of equilibrium output in this economy. b) What is the MPC in this economy? What is the multiplier on government spending? (I want a specific number here, not a definition) c) Household savings is defined as income minus consumption (S = Y – C). What is the level of household savings in this economy? d) Suppose that households become nervous about the future of the economy and decide that they will consume less and save more money, so their new consumption function becomes C = 100 + 0.6*Y Solve for the new equilibrium level of output and calculate how much households end up saving. How has it changed from the level of savings in part c? e) How much does the government needs to increase its spending by to counteract the fall in economic output in this model?Suppose we have the following information for the simple (fixed r, fixed P, fixed W) Keynesian model. C = 400 + 0.8 I = 310 G = 140 = 400 + 0.8 (Y - T) T = 200, where C is the consumption function, (Y - T) is disposable income, I is investment, G is government spending, and T is taxes. What can you say about the government's budget situation? (Hint: Think about what “G” and “T” stand for.) Group of answer choices A) There is a budget surplus. B) There is a budget deficit. C) None of the other options. D) We cannot say anything about the government budget. E) The budget is balanced.