Ka/Ks values for each node in the tree Node# Ka/Ks Branch1 Ka Branch1 Ks Branch1 Ka/Ks Branch2 Ka Branch2 Ks Branch2 1 137.1389 0.1371 1е-10 64.5078 0.06450782 1е-10 2 1.1327 0.1315 0.1161 2.0655 0.1122 0.05431489 Ka/Ks annotated evolutionary tree JF313899.1 [2] .137 000 JF313900 [1] JF313882.1 (3]

Ka/Ks values for each node in the tree Node# Ka/Ks Branch1 Ka Branch1 Ks Branch1 Ka/Ks Branch2 Ka Branch2 Ks Branch2 1 137.1389 0.1371 1е-10 64.5078 0.06450782 1е-10 2 1.1327 0.1315 0.1161 2.0655 0.1122 0.05431489 Ka/Ks annotated evolutionary tree JF313899.1 [2] .137 000 JF313900 [1] JF313882.1 (3]

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter23: Principles Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2RQ: As shown in Figure 23.25, there is considerable variation in the facial features of humans. Explain...

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A number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences among hominidsand rodents indicate that inbreeding may have occurredmore often in hominid than in rodent ancestry. Bakewell et al.(2007. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [USA] 104: 7489-7494) suggest thatan ancient population bottleneck that left approximately 10,000 humans might have caused early humans to have a greaterchance of genetic disease. Why would a population bottleneckinfluence the frequency of genetic disease?
Briefly discuss the differences in how a selectionist (one that believes that Natural Selection is a strong evolutionary force) and a neutralist (one that believes that genetic drift is a strong evolutionary force) views the following: molecular clock, evolution of coding sequences, evolution of "pseudogenes".
Crickets have colonized each island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geological data indicates that Kauai is the oldest island in the chain and Hawaii is the youngest. Researchers hypothesized that crickets sequentially colonized islands as they rose out of the ocean and created a cladogram based on molecular relationships to test this idea. 1) Mark & label (as “MRCA”) the most recent common ancestor for all crickets on the island of Kauai. 2) Molokai is roughly equally distant from Oahu as Maui, but not equally related. Are Molokai crickets more closely related to those on Oahu or Maui?_________
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
Anole lizards can be found on many islands in the Caribbean that share similar environmental habitats. Anoles on the different islands share similar ecological morphotypes because of their similar habitats. Anoles on each island have evolved from a common ancestor into a variety of different species that occupy different ecological niches as shown below. Which of the following statements explains how the morphotypes found on one island, and shown in the figure, occurred as a result of speciation? A - Convergent evolution occurred, causing new species to evolve based on diverse new habitats. B - Phenotypic diversification occurred as a result of divergent evolution as the anoles adapted to new habitats. C - Natural selection occurred, so individual anoles with certain phenotypes can survive and reproduce only in a specific ecological niche. D - Reproductive isolation occurred as a result of habitat isolation since the anoles are unable to move into different ecological niches to breed.
. The Process of Evolution by Natural Selection – Be able to explain the process of evolution by natural selection as it applies to a specific living thing using the outline below: Natural variations caused by random mutations (adaptations) in DNA exist within populations. Those with helpful adaptations survive an environmental change (maybe a predator.) The survivors breed, passing on the inherited mutation (adaptation) to offspring. The resulting population has more of the successful inherited mutation (adaptation) than the original population. Phylogenetic Trees Infer evolutionary relationships of living things by interpreting phylogenetic trees. Know the divisions of hierarchical classification. (DKPCOFGS) c. Differentiate between homologous and analogous (caused by convergent evolution) structures
As shown in Figure 23.25, there is considerable variation in the facial features of humans. Explain this fact in terms of the concept of the gene pool. Figure 23.25 Humans show a great deal of variation in their outward appearance. (Top: Rodriguez/ Fancy/Jupiterimages; Bottom left: Owen Franken/Corbis; Bottom right: Christopher Briscoe/Photo Researchers, Inc)
. A population of red deer were trapped on an island off of England during the last interglacial period. Within 6,000 years, the population evolved from a mean weight of 200 kg toa mean weight of 36 kg. The generation time of red deer is 5 years and the narrow senseheritability of body weight is 0.5. What is the rate of evolutionary change (in Darwins)?
https://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/1/prweb10366140.htm Use the link to answer the questions 4. What is environmental evolution? 5. What are some causes of evolution? 6. Explain how dogs evolve from wolves' ancestors. 7. How do all living things share a common ancestor? 8. What is random evolution?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that contributes to evolution by producing and redistributing genetic variation (or contributes to microevolution as calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)? Group of answer choices Acclimatization Gene flow Genetic drift Recombination Mutation
Need help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?
When evaluating multiple cladograms, what is the name of the principle used to decide which cladogram most likely shows the correct evolutionary relationships? Group of answer choices a. principle of parsimony b. principle of persimmons c. principle of parsley d. principle of paisley e. principle of Penelope f. principle of pineapple