Suppose you use the semi-global Needleman-Wunsch algorithm to align GAGATAG with GAC where match = 1, nonmatch = 0, gap = -1 When you do the backtracking, how many optimal paths will be found?

Q: Let’s suppose that a species of mosquito has two different types ofsimple transposons that we will…

A: Sequence of DNA, changes the position in the genome, at times, it reverses or creates mutation,…

Q: Explain the similarities and differences between the procedures used for the coarse-scale mapping…

A: In the whole genome, some of the sections of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) show a correlation to the…

Q: What are the Effects of deletion heterozygosity on genetic map distances?

A: Genetic maps are made to find the distances between genes, how far two genes are located in the…

Q: Clearly there is significant genetic variation associated with susceptibility to COVID-19. Does that…

A: Coronavirus is a small and harmful virus

Q: How do you interpret Blastn results with 0 % query coverage and 100 % identity?

A: BLAST stands for basic local alignment tool which is a program and algorithm for the comparison of…

Q: b) PPSSLL x PpSsll

A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: Which one of the following represents only a pericentric inversion of AB * CDEF? ( * denotes the…

A: Chromosomal inversion is a rearrangement of the chromosome by breaking at a point is attached back…

Q: What is The Luria-Delbrück fluctuation experiment?

A: Mutations are defined as any change in the nucleotide sequence that also alters the phenotype of the…

Q: define wild-type ORF

A: The genes are located on the DNA which gets transcribed into mRNA through the process known as…

Q: What would the heading be for this graph, and what is the independent variable. Step 2 What is the…

A: The value of an item or individual is called variable. When the values vary it is called variable.…

Q: In an electrophoretic gel across which is applied a powerful electrical alternating pulsed field,…

A: SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) is a quantitative method to…

Q: What are uniport with example?

A: The plasma membrane consists of an inner hydrophobic core which does not allow most of the polar and…

Q: Interpret the two chromatograms below. Which of the two chromatograms will provide good sequencing…

A: In Automated DNA sequencing, using a laser the different fluorescent labelled nucleotides at the end…

Q: What is the 1% extinction value of the protein used to calibrate this experiment? I obtained a…

A: Extinction coefficient It is defined as the absorbance divided by the concentration and the…

Q: In a cotransduction experiment involving P1, the cotransductionfrequency was 0.53. How far apart are…

A: Transduction is the process of the transferring foreign DNA into the host cell by viral vector. T4…

Q: HOw do I plot on michealis Menten plot and a lineweave burk plot and how do I solve the Km and vmax…

A: Michaelis-Menten plot is a representation of substrate concentration [S] with the velocity of an…

Q: The following table shows the distance moved in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel by a series of marker…

A: The X-axis of the SDS PAGE Standard Plot is Relative Migration (also called Rf) , while the Y-axis…

Q: Explain the similarities and differences between the procedures used for the coarse-scale mapping…

A: Some of the sections of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) provide a correlation to the phenotypic…

Q: What percentage of the DNA sites in yeast are accessible, assuming that the fraction of sites…

A: Yeasts are the microorganism that come under kingdom fungi. Yeast are usually single celled.

Q: What would be the most likely effect of deleting flowering locus D (FLD) in Arabidopsis thaliana?

A: One method of gene regulation is done by histone modification. The histone protein’s tail is…

Q: How can linkage disequilibrium mapping sometimes provide a much higher resolution of gene location…

A: Linkage analysis rely on co inheritance of functional polymorphism, In linkage analysis, there are…

Q: what is the approximate map distance between the two genes?

A: Linkage is a phenomenon which determines how genes are placed in close proximity to each other.   It…

Q: What would the quality of the line-fit (R2 value) be if you exclude experimental outliers? (Give you…

A: Biuret test - it is chemical test to quantify the peptide bond in a sample. in this test, Cu ion…

Q: In Meselson and Radding modified Holliday model, following branch migration, what are the possible…

A: Meselson-Radding Model This is a model of genetic recombination. This model was formed to explain…

Q: Is there any difference between the alignments, alignment scores, identity percentages, positives…

A: Introduction :- The process of  characterizing sequences of biomolecules particularly the…

Q: What is the formula for interference? How are the “expected” frequencies calculated in the…

A: The process of determining the locations of genes on chromosomes is known as gene mapping. Linkage…

Q: How can you tell if an individual is heterozygous for the D1S80 marker?

A: The term heterozygous variant belongs to a subdivision of biology, genetics. Genetics is the study…

Q: So which of the options is correct?

A: A seizure is an abnormal electrical discharge in the brain. Symptoms of a seizure vary depending on…

Q: What is Spectral Karyotyping.?

A: In spectral karyotype the homologous pairs of chromosomes are manipulated in way that they have…

Q: In the Kaplan-Meier graph, why are the estimated curves for both groups (Treatment and Placebo) at 1…

A: The Kaplan-Meier estimator is an estimator of the survival functions. This function is visually…

Q: Which of the following is an example of codominance? Select

A: In the codominance both the alleles are expressed in heterozygous state. The alleles are neither…

Q: (a) Explain sensitivity and selectivity in terms of true and false positives. (b) What is the…

A: Needleman–Wunsch algorithm is an algorithm used in bioinformatics to align the nucleotide and…

Q: You have calculated the interference value for a given triple cross mapping experiment to be 20%.…

A: A crossover at one point on a chromosome decreases the probability of crossover in near by spot…

Q: If you were to engineer some non-adhesive cells to express E-cadherin at either high levels or low…

A: Introduction: E- Cadherin is a type of cell adhesion molecule (CAM) that are important in the…

Q: Why are there two bands in the first lane and only one band in the second lane?

A: The bands in the given diagram are biomolecules separated according to their weight.

Q: What is the hyperchromic effect? How is it measured? What does Tm imply?

A: Biomolecules are the substances present in living cells.

Q: What is a vector? Give an example of a vector.

A: Microbiology is the study of living organism which cannot be seen through naked eyes. These…

Q: Draw the punnet square and explain the results

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: In a particular species, the gene for the kappa light chain has 200 V segments and 4 J segments. In…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: ) Sam wants to alter his interrupted mating experiment by placing a filter in between the donor and…

A: PLEASE post part a separately with complete details. F-plasmid is a conjugative plasmid that can be…

Q: What is the Lineweaver-Burk plot and what does it tell us?

A: The study of the rate of enzyme-catalyzed biological reactions is known as enzyme kinetics. In…

Q: What is the relationship between the C and T allele of position -13910? Is one allele dominant over…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What error leads to generalized transduction?

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transfer of genetic information between unicellular and/or…

Q: After Griffith injected the mouse with a heat-killed S strain and the live R strain, blood from the…

A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…

Q: Rank the following base pairs according to their stability. Rank from most to least stable. To rank…

A: DNA is a double-stranded molecule made up of two polynucleotide strands arrange in helical form. The…

Q: a. Determine the gene order, the recombination frequency between the adjacent genes, the coefficient…

A: The genes that are located on the same chromosome are known as linked genes and the crossing of a…

Q: How do I create a bar graph using the hardy Weinberg data provided but in the bar graph format on…

A: According to Hardy Weinberg principle- p2+q2+ 2pq=1 and p+q=1 p= frequency of the dominant allele in…

Q: How can we find P value?

A: P-value is defined as the measure of probability.  The lower the p-value, the greater is the…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.