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are the following statements true or false
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- Plasma fluid filtered into Bowmans capsule flows directly into the ________. a. renal artery c. distal tubule b. proximal tubule d. loop of HenleList the structures that urine travels through, from when it leavesthe kidney to when it exits the body.Which of the following willdecrease filtration at theglomerulus? A. Increased number ofpodocytes at the glomerulus B. A relatively largediameter of the efferentarteriolescompared to the afferentarteriole. C. Low colloid osmoticpressure D. Low capsular pressure
- Why after the passage ofanimals from the aquatic tothe terrestrial habitat does theabandonment of theammoniotelic excretion occur?Physiological influence of vasopressin is evidenced by:A. Increased water reabsorption in distal tubulesB. Increased diuresisC. Intensification of Na excretion D. Spasm of uterusE. Increased glucose reabsorptionThe fluids deep in the medulla of the kidney have a much highersolute concentration than those in the cortex. Where do the solutes inthe medulla come from? What is the role of that high soluteconcentration in the functioning of the nephron loop?
- Reabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convolutedtubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across thea. apical membrane and out of the cell.b. apical membrane and into the cell.c. basal membrane and out of the cell.d. basal membrane and into the cell.kangaroo rats are small rodents that live in the desert of the southwest united stattes. Their kidneys produce urine that is much more concentrated than the typical urine of mammals. Which statement best explaiins the evultion ot the kidneys of the. kangaroos rat?If the blood pressure of a patient in shock as a result of asevere injury decreases greatly, how would you expect thevolume of urine to change? Why?
- Gout—a condition that results in joint swelling and pain—iscaused by the formation of sodium urate (NaC5H3N4O3) crystalswithin tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. Sodium urate precipitatesout of blood plasma when uric acid levels become abnormallyhigh. This can happen as a result of eating too many rich foodsand consuming too much alcohol, which is why gout is sometimesreferred to as the “disease of kings.” If the sodium concentration inblood plasma is 0.140 M and Ksp for sodium urate is 5.76 * 10-8,what minimum concentration of urate results in precipitation?A patient suffering from a tumor in the hypothalamus produces excessive amounts of ADH, a condition called syndrome of inappropriateADH (SIADH) production. For this patient, the excessive ADH production is chronic and has persisted for many months. A student nursekeeps a fluid intake-output record on the patient. She is surprised tofind that fluid intake and urinary output are normal. What effect wasshe expecting? Can you explain why urinary output is normal?Which structure(s) is/are associated with each of the following functions: urea formation, urine formation, temporary storage of urine, and conductionof urine out of the body?
