Latent viral DNA in nerves can produce virions in response to stress or immunologic decline Whole VZV virions persist, actively replicating for decades in the skin following initia chickenpox Zoster lesions contain infectious varicella zoster virus (VZV) Infectious virions move down peripheral nerves from nerve ganglia to the skin O None of the other four answers (All are true about shingles)
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- Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?a. multiple sclerosisb. myasthenia gravisc. contact dermatitisd. systemic lupus erythematosuse. rheumatoid arthritisMultiple Sclerosis is characterized by ? 1. A demyelination of the Neuron2. Leaking of the electrical signal down the axon3. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the body's immune system T cells attack the myelin sheath that protects the nerve fibers. This is an autoimmune reaction.4. All of the aboveWhich of the following is acommunicable disease?A. DiabetesB. AsthmaC. MeaslesD. Scurvy
- Which of the following best explains why vaccination of humans against rabies can be delayed until after exposure to a potential source of infection? A) Antibody responses are more rapid than those against other viruses B) T lymphocyte responses are more rapid than those against other viruses C) The virus does not infect any cells for several weeks or months D) The virus does not reach i target organ for several weeks or monthsRegarding EV71 infection, the following statement about this pathogen is correct, EXCEPT The best preventive approach is to stop contact with infected individuals There is a natural animal reservoir for the virus except humans There is a specific vaccination available The infection often occurs in children between 6 months to 5 years-old Death may happen in those with severely-infected and central nervous involvementDifferent Viewpoints a person could take:Cultural perspective is based on specific cultural backgrounds. Social perspective would affect the society as a whole. Ethical perspective deals with moral viewpoints. Economic perspective deals with management of resources and cost-saving measures. Read the following statements related to the human papillomavirus and select the perspective it exemplifies in the drop-down menu. A parent worries that if the vaccine is given in Grade 5, it might encourage youth sexual activity. Answer HPV vaccination costs approximately $525, but it is free for all girls in Grade 5 to 12. Answer HPV vaccine has reduced the rate of cervical cancer by half. Providing HPV vaccines to all students in Grade 5 will help to improve the health of women. Answer If most of the girls in the target ages are vaccinated, they would provide a herd immunity for the rest of the population. Answer The Seventh Generation Principle of the Iroquois states…
- Jakdu, a farmer in far flung barangay in Leyte, is worried of schistosomiasis. He heard that some of the farmers got it as they walked through the dumpsite bare footed. Since then he always wear a pair of boots. This behavior is referred to as: Reward Predisposing factorThomas rides in an elevator with a young child suffering from the common cold. Like most young children, the sick girl fails to cover her mouth when she sneezes thus releasing cold viruses (Rhinoviruses) into the air of the elevator. Thomas has the misfortune of inhaling one of those viruses. These questions follow step-wise as Thomas’ immune system attempts to prevent the infection. 1)Identify three physical barriers in Thomas' nasal cavity that attempt to prevent infection by the virus. The dastardly virus sneaks past those barriers and enters a nasal mucosa cell. The virus hijacks the transcription machinery of the cell to produce more virus particles. These particles then infect neighboring cells. 2) [_______] is a proteinaceous component of the innate immune system that interferes with the infection of neighboring cells with virus particles. 3) Some of the infected cells are phagocytosed. Phagocytes present antigens from the infected cell on the cell surface bound to a…Late in the spring, a young man from rural Idaho developed fever,loss of memory, difficulty in speech, convulsions, and tremor andlapsed into a coma. He tested negative for bacterial meningitis andhad no known contact with wild animals. He survived but had longtermneurological disabilities. What are the possible diseases hemight have had, and how would he have contracted them?
- Which of the following is NOT true about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes? Which option is the answer: 1. During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a person is the most highly infectious for others during the period of peak viral load and symptoms 2. As it is transmitted through the global human population, the virus is highly genetically stable and does not change 3. Some people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 will not develop signs and/or symptoms of disease 4. The severity of disease varies greatly, depending on age and/or underlying predisposing conditions 5. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may sometimes be more transmissible than previous strainsBased off of the concept of the COVID-19 vaccination, which of the following conditions is very similar to that same concept used to develop immunity to the COVID-19 virus?a. postinfectious arthritisb. type I diabetesc. lupusd. heart attackse. grave’s diseaseIn December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. The T cell response follows the antibody-mediated B cell immunity. What is the connection between B and T cells to build an effective immune response to SARS-Cov2?