Learning psychologist Edward Tolman wanted to determine if mice learned a maze through trial and error or if the developed a “cognitive map” of the maze.  Tolman placed a rat in the center of a circular space with 4 alternative corridors.  If the rats were truly “guessing” a path, they should try each corridor an equal number of times.  However, if the rats were developing a cognitive map, they should go down the far-right corridor more frequently than the others and go directly to the cheese.     Original Right Observed 8 12 Expected 16 16   .   a.What are the null and alternative hypotheses? b.Perform the analysis manually or using Excel or r. c.Why is a Chi-Square called goodness of fit rather than a hypothesis test d.What did Tolman find?

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