Let's say an apple weighs exactly 1N on the surface of the Earth (which corresponds to a distance of 6400 km from the center of the Earth). Now imagine an astronaut brings the apple on a spaceship. What is the force of the Earth's gravity on this apple at a vertical distance of 6400 km above the surface of the Earth? Hint: the radial distance of the apple from the center has doubled. What does this do to the force of gravity according to Newton's law of universal gravitation?

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.