PC are:- E, = 140J/kg K pr = 0.0248
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- Flow Characteristics (Entrance Effect) -Why is the Δ P/ L Line extrapolated to the tube entrance for the calculation of the entrance loss coefficient, KL ?1) Atmospheric air at 25oC and with a speed of 50 m/s is pumped by a fan over a flat plate. a)What is the minimum plate length in order to achieve a Reynolds number of 108 ? b)At what distance from the leading edge would transition occur if critical Re #= 5x105 ? 2) Local Nusselt number is given as Nux=0.04Rex0.9 Pr 1/3. Obtain an expression for, a) average heat transfer coefficient, x b) local heat transfer coefficient, hx c) What is the ratio of the average to local coefficient, x / hx 3) Air is in parallel flow over a flat heater surface which is to be maintained at 140oC. Airflow induces a drag force of 0.25 N on the heater. What is the electrical power needed to maintain the prescribed surface temperature? 4) Air at 1 atm with a velocity of 4 m/s and a temperature of 50oC flows over a flat plate that is at a uniform temperature of 100oC. The plate has a length of 0.20 m and a width of 0.1 m. a) What is the average heat…You are designing a bioreactor that requires turbulent water flow (Re=2300) for better mixing of materials. Your tube diameter is 1.5 inches. What is the minimum volumetric flow rate needed (in in3/s)? **Answer: 7.14 in^3/s
- Air at 450 K and 50 kPa enters a 25-mm steel pipe. The velocity at the entrance is 175 m/s. Assuming adiabatic friction flow, what is the Fanning friction factor of the flow? What is the maximum allowable length of the pipe?Water at 27°C flows with a mean velocity of 1 m/s through a 1 km-long pipe of 0.25 m inside diameter. Answer the following: a. Is the flow hydrodynamically fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. b. Is the flow thermally fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. c. What is the pressure drop over the pipe length, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 0.289 Bar) d. What is the pump power requirement, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 1.42 kW)Water at 30 °C enters a pipe of 25 mm in diameter and 1 m in length with a mean velocity of 0.06 m/s. The pipe surface temperature is 50 °C. What is the outlet temperature of water? Assume the fully developed condition. For water: k = 0.6 W/mK, ν = 0.8x10-6 m2/s, ρ = 1000 kg/m3, cp = 4187 J/kgK, Pr = 5
- Write the assumptions in flow through circular tube?Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number (Re*) is below 2000; turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number is above 2000. For the following species, determine the maximum value of the average 1D speed for which laminar flow will occur: a) Ne at 293 K where ?η is 313 ?μP and ?ρ = (PM)/(RT) through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe b) Liquid water at 293 K where ?η is 0.891 cP and ?ρ = 0.998 g/mL through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe *Re = (?ρ **d)/?η, where d is the diameter of the tube through which the fluid is flowing.Water at a flow rate of 0.215 kg/s is cooled from 70°C to 30°C by passing it through a thin-walled tube of diameter of 50 mm and maintaining a coolant at 15°C in cross flow over the tube. What is the required tube length if the coolant is air and its velocity is V = 20 m/s?Water : cp = 4181 J/kg⋅K, μ = 548 × 10-6 N⋅s/m2, k = 0.643 W/m⋅K, Pr = 3.56.Air : ν = 15.89 × 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.0263 W/m⋅K, Pr = 0.707.(Hint: For external flow use Churchill/Bernstein correlation.)
- Pressure Drop of Power-Law Fluid in Laminar FlowA power-law fluid having a density of 1041 kg/m3 is flowing through 14.9 m of a tubing with an inside diameter of 0.0524 m at an average velocity of 0.0728 m/s. The rheological or flow properties of the fluid are K′ = 15.23N·sn′/m2 (0.318 lbf·sn′/ft2) and n′ = 0.40. Calculate the pressure drop and friction loss using Eq. (9.1-10) for laminar flow. Check the generalized Reynolds number to make sure that the flow is laminar. Repeat part (a) but use the friction-factor methodWater at 10oC enters a tube of 0.1 m diameter at the mean flow velocity of 0.4 kg/s. Calculate the exit water temperature if the tube is 15 m long and the wall temperature is constant 30oC.The friction loss in laminar flow can be calculated using ____________ A. P.K Swammee and A.K. Jain Equation B. Darcy's equation C. Hazen-Williams Equation D. Hagen-Poiseuille equation