List three factors that do not foster a-helix formation.

Q: How will you determine the Right-Handed and Left-Handed Helices?

A: Helix is a shape that looks like a twisted, spiral shape such as a spiral staircase or a corkscrew.…

Q: What type of bonding interaction causes stem-loops to form?

A: Stem loop is also known as hairpin loop structure. It is an intramolecular base pairing that…

Q: Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) converts cytosine to the compound shown below. With which base does this…

A: Transition mutation refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine or…

Q: What is The crucial role of base pairing betweencodon and anticodon?

A: The triplet code expresses the genetic information that is transcribed into mRNA. The tRNA translate…

Q: Describe the differences between the syntheses of the leading and lagging strands.

A: The process of replication refers to the method, in which Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copies itself…

Q: Explain Translational control through poly-A tail length?

A: Translation refers to the formation of polypeptide chain via polymerisation of amino acids. The…

Q: Why did Okazaki propose that lagging strand synthesis proceeds through the synthesis of short…

A: The effective copying of double-stranded chromosomal DNA is required for cellular DNA replication.…

Q: What is the significance of the terminal inverted repeats oftransposons?

A: Transposons are the sequences of the nucleotides in the genome that have the ability to change their…

Q: What is the difference between leading strand and lagging strand synthesis?

A: DNA is a genetic material which appear as two stranded ladder like structure . It basically…

Q: Given a sequence of a DNA coding strand:     5’-ATGATTATCCTATAG-3’ What is the sequence and…

A: The synthesis of m RNA from DNA is called transcription.

Q: Identify the conditions that account for the differentseasons

A: The period of a year that is characterized from others by some characteristic climatic conditions…

Q: Which of the following best describes a stop codon?

A: Stop Codons constitute of three nucleotide sequence of m-RNA that doesn't code for any amino acid.…

Q: Which events during translation involve molecular recognition between base sequences within…

A: Introduction  The process of formation of protein from the mRNA is termed as Translation.…

Q: In an RNA strand that is ready for translation, what is the base pair rule that would apply?

A: The translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a…

Q: The two outside rails of tge double helix are called

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) belongs to a class of molecules known as nucleic acids. DNA molecules…

Q: Why are GC and AT the only base pairs permissible in the double helix?

A: Base pair:         The nucleotides on opposite strands of DNA double helix, that form chemical bonds…

Q: In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood…

A: When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand is the DNA strand whose base sequence is…

Q: According to wobble rules, what codons should be recognized by the follow- ing anticodons? What…

A: Wobble pairing was defined as the base-pairing with two nucleotides that do not follow Watson-Crick…

Q: List three mechanisms that relax the twisting stress in helical DNA molecules.

A: The Structure of deoxyribonucleic acidREFLECT AND APPLY List 3 mechanisms that relax the twisting…

Q: Explain the mechanism of trinucleotide repeat expansion.

A: Introduction: A trinucleotide repeat expansion is type of DNA mutation. In which, the trinucleotide…

Q: Consider the following sequence of DNA: 3'-TTA CGG-5' What dipeptide is formed from this DNA after…

A: The genetic information is present in the sequences of the DNA. The sequence of DNA that runs in the…

Q: Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must…

A: Insulin is synthesized from preproinsulin. The preprotein is then cleaved by a proteolytic enzyme to…

Q: What are the FOUR(4) distinct steps of translation elongation cycle for a growing polypeptide chain?

A: The translation is the process of protein synthesis from the genetic codon present in the mRNA. This…

Q: specific base pairing essential to the processes of transcription and translation?

A: Transcription is the process by which an RNA copy of a gene sequence is created. This copy, known as…

Q: Write the codons for the following amino acids. 1. Phe 2. Val

A: Genetic codon: - It is the 3 nucleotide sequence of DNA and RNA, all bases are involved in formation…

Q: In what important ways do the α helix and β sheet structures differ? (b) How are they similar?

A: Secondary structures of protein are local, regular structure of protein backbone which are…

Q: In what ways does the double helix explain the essential properties of a gene?

A: DNA Double Helix The three dimensional structure of DNA, first proposed by James D Watson and…

Q: Which of the following are elongation factors involved in the attachment of new aminoacyl-tRNAs?…

A: During translation protein synthesis occurs from RNA. The sequence of nucleotides in RNA act as code…

Q: According to wobble rules, what codons should be recognized by the following anticodons? What amino…

A: The tRNA is the transfer RNA that matches the mRNA codon with the set of three nucleotides,…

Q: which of the following sequences would most likely be able to bind a cyclic amp dna binding protein?…

A: Introduction: Nucleotides are the nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and phosphate group. Nucleotides…

Q: By base-pair substitution, what are all the synonymouschanges that can be made starting with the…

A: The example of CGG is RNA codon which transiently binds with the transfer RNA by simple base pairing…

Q: Why nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is helpful ?

A: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)  Is a repair process for double-strand DNA breaks. In contrast to…

Q: Which of the following sequences would most likely be able to bind a Cyclic AMP DNA binding protein?…

A: Cyclic AMP or cAMP is one of the most important secondary messenger prevalent in biochemical signal…

Q: What is the family of fibrous proteins that contain repeats of a sequence of seven amino acids…

A: The heptad repeat is an example of a structural motif, that consists of repeating patterns of seven…

Q: What are the Scope of heterochromatin effects?

A: Heterochromatin is characterized based on its dense appearance in histology. Heterochromatin is a…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that causes a poly(A)-binding protein to be nonfunctional?

A: Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a RNA binding protein, which helps the polyadenylate polymerase…

Q: Which amino acid would be attached to a tRNA that read "GGU"?

A: Introduction :  A codon is defined as a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of…

Q: If the gene undergoing protein synthesis consists of 24 bases, how many codons does that result in?…

A: In genetic code a unit known as codon, which codes for amino acid. For example the sequence AUG is a…

Q: Which base pairings account for wobble at the third codon–anticodon position?

A: Wobble hypothesis is the base pairing of two nucleotides in an RNA molecule that does not follow the…

Q: 1d) What amino acid would a tRNA with the anticodon 5'AGG³' carry?

A: The amino acids are the fundamental structural unit of proteins. There are 20 amino acids that code…

Q: Define the terms codon and anticodon, and list three start and stop codons.

A: Codon and Anticodon plays an significant role in the transcription and translation of the DNA and…

Q: In the tertiary structure of tRNA, where is the anticodon region relative to the attachment site for…

A: tRNA is the transfer RNA and an adapter molecule made up of RNA serving as the physical link between…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.