Look al the diagram of the eye. X' What is the role of the part of the eye labeled X? O A. It allows light to enter the eye. B. It translates the image. OC. It adjusts the size of objects seen. O D. It sends signals to the brain.
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- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ear1) to learn more about how the structures of the ear convert sound waves into a neural signal by moving the hairs, or stereocilia, of the cochlear duct. Specific locations along the length of the duct encode specific frequencies, or pitches. The brain interprets the meaning of the sounds we hear as music, speech, noise, etc. Which ear structures are responsible for the amplification and transfer of sound from the external ear to the inner ear?Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/pupillary) to learn about the pupillary reflexes. The pupillary light reflex involves sensory input through the optic nerve and motor response through the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion, which projects to the circular fibers of the iris. As shown in this short animation, pupils will constrict to limit the amount of light falling on the retina under bright lighting conditions. What constitutes the afferent and efferent branches of the competing reflex (dilation)?Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/DanielleReed) to learn about Dr. Danielle Reed of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, PA, who became interested in science at an early age because of her sensory experiences. She recognized that her sense of taste was unique compared with other people she knew. Now, she studies the genetic differences between people and their sensitivities to taste stimuli. In the video, there is a brief image of a person sticking out their tongue, which has been covered with a colored dye. This is how Dr. Reed is able to visualize and count papillae on the surface of the tongue. People fall into two large groups known as tasters and non-tasters on the basis of the density of papillae on their tongue, which also indicates the number of taste buds. Non-tasters can taste food, but they are not as sensitive to certain tastes, such as bitterness. Dr. Reed discovered that she is a non-taster, which explains why she perceived bitterness differently than other people she knew. Are you very sensitive to tastes? Can you see any similarities among the members of your family?
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/occipital) to learn more about a transverse section through the brain that depicts the visual pathway from the eye to the occipital cortex. The first half of the pathway is the projection from the RGCs through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus on either side. This first fiber in the pathway synapses on a thalamic cell that then projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe where seeing, or visual perception, takes place. This video gives an abbreviated overview of the visual system by concentrating on the pathway from the eyes to the occipital lobe. The video makes the statement (at 0:45) that specialized cells in the retina called ganglion cells convert the light rays into electrical signals. What aspect of retinal processing is simplified by that statement? Explain your answer.The is the region of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters.a. cornea b. pupil c. lensd. fovea e. retinaOf the following statements about the human eye, which would Paley agree with the most? A. The eye has lost its purpose and it's obsolete. B. The eye is a perfect fine-tuned machine well suited to its purpose. C. The eye has a use, but it was not evolved for that use.
- In humans, what happens to visual information from the left visual field?A. It reaches the right half of each retina, which sends messages to the left hemisphere.B. It reaches the right half of each retina, which sends messages to the right hemisphere.C. It reaches the left half of each retina, which sends messages to the left hemisphere.D. It reaches the left half of each retina, which sends messages to the right hemisphere.Input to the human visual cortex comes from cones and rods (by way of ganglion cells) in what proportion? a. About 95 percent of input to the cortex comes from rods. b. About 50 percent comes from rods and 50 percent from cones. c. About 90 percent of input to the cortex comes from cones.In the process of hearing, the basilar membrane vibrates. Which event occurs next? (a) tympanic membrane vibrates (b) bones in middle ear amplify and conduct vibrations (c) cochlear nerve transmits impulses to organ of Corti(d) hair cells in organ of Corti are stimulated (e) vibrations are conducted to chemoreceptors
- Cone pigments detect different wavelengths of light due toa. their location in the retina.b. the amount of light they absorb.c. the type of retinal they have.d. the type of opsin protein they have.e. interactions with bipolar cells.Why is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? a. Cones are denser in the periphery of the retina. b. Bipolar cells are denser in the periphery of the retina. c. Rods are denser in the periphery of the retina. d. The optic nerve exits at the periphery of the retina.WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay(100–150 words), describe three ways in which the structureof the lens of the human eye is well adapted to its functionin vision.