The process of hearing begins when sound waves enter theauditory canalmiddle earinner earossiclesIn vision, a nerve impulse travels from the:ganglionic cells to bipolar cells to rods and conesO rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglionic cellsO bipolar cells to rods and cones to ganglionic cellsrods and cones to ganglionic cells to bipolar cells

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The process of hearing begins when sound waves enter the auditory canal middle ear O inner ear ossicles In vision, a nerve impulse travels from the: O ganglionic cells to bipolar cells to rods and cones rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglionic cells bipolar cells to rods and cones to ganglionic cells rods and cones to ganglionic cells to bipolar cells

The process of hearing begins when sound waves enter the auditory canal middle ear O inner ear ossicles In vision, a nerve impulse travels from the: O ganglionic cells to bipolar cells to rods and cones rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglionic cells bipolar cells to rods and cones to ganglionic cells rods and cones to ganglionic cells to bipolar cells

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter43: Sensory Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYU

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ear1) to learn more about how the structures of the ear convert sound waves into a neural signal by moving the hairs, or stereocilia, of the cochlear duct. Specific locations along the length of the duct encode specific frequencies, or pitches. The brain interprets the meaning of the sounds we hear as music, speech, noise, etc. Which ear structures are responsible for the amplification and transfer of sound from the external ear to the inner ear?
Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.11 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.11 Effects of age and occupational noise exposure on hearing. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities (in decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-old carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-old who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?
Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.11 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.11 Effects of age and occupational noise exposure on hearing. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities (in decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-old carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-old who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). How loud did a 1,000-hertz sound have to be for the 50-year-old carpenter to detect it?
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/DanielleReed) to learn about Dr. Danielle Reed of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, PA, who became interested in science at an early age because of her sensory experiences. She recognized that her sense of taste was unique compared with other people she knew. Now, she studies the genetic differences between people and their sensitivities to taste stimuli. In the video, there is a brief image of a person sticking out their tongue, which has been covered with a colored dye. This is how Dr. Reed is able to visualize and count papillae on the surface of the tongue. People fall into two large groups known as tasters and non-tasters on the basis of the density of papillae on their tongue, which also indicates the number of taste buds. Non-tasters can taste food, but they are not as sensitive to certain tastes, such as bitterness. Dr. Reed discovered that she is a non-taster, which explains why she perceived bitterness differently than other people she knew. Are you very sensitive to tastes? Can you see any similarities among the members of your family?
Jill is diagnosed with sensorineural deafness, a disorder in which sound waves are transmitted normally to the inner ear but they are not translated into neural signals that travel to the brain. Sometimes the cause is a problem with the auditory nerve, but in Jills case it has to do with a problem in the inner ear itself. Where in the inner ear is the disruption most likely to be located?
Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/pupillary) to learn about the pupillary reflexes. The pupillary light reflex involves sensory input through the optic nerve and motor response through the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion, which projects to the circular fibers of the iris. As shown in this short animation, pupils will constrict to limit the amount of light falling on the retina under bright lighting conditions. What constitutes the afferent and efferent branches of the competing reflex (dilation)?
Which one of these correctly describes the location of the organof Corti?a. between the tympanic membrane and the oval window in theinner earb. in the utricle and saccule within the vestibulec. between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane inthe cochlear canald. between the outer and inner ear within the semicircular canals
Cochlear implants are devices that can be used to restore hearing in some individuals. The implant stimulates the cochlearnerve through electrical impulses. Why are cochlear implants not ideal for all types of hearing loss?
The sensory neurons of the auditory system are located in vestibular sacs round window organ of corti semicircular canal
Different pitched sounds will result in stimulation of receptors located in different regions of:a. hair cellsb. round and oval windowsc. the vestibular apparatusd. the cochlea
The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs(A) in the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells.(B) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane,causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitterthat stimulates sensory neurons.(C) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequenciesin response to the varying volume of sounds.(D) within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by themalleus, incus, and stapes