Make infographics and discuss the mechanisms by which certain viruses are thought to subvert the normal growth controls of cells in culture and to contribute to tumor formation in vivo.

Q: Propose a unique target for a drug that would inhibit replication of retroviruses in humans

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular microorganisms that require a living cell for their growth and…

Q: Some viral detection techniques involve a serological assay. This assay looks for the presence of…

A: The viruses are infectious agents, which are capable of infecting the cells and cause diseases. The…

Q: Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: Suggest reasons why developing a safe and effective vaccine usually takes many years.

A: Vaccines are made by taking weak strains or killed viruses or bacteria so that they can't reproduce…

Q: Briefly describe why herpes simplex viruses (HSVS) cause chronic lytic infections that typically…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: Explain a method by which an antiviral drug could interfere withthe replication cycle of a virus.

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: Explain how DNA microarrays are used in molecular profiling ofcancerous tumors.

A: DNA microarrays are microscopic slides that are printed with thousands of tiny spots in defined…

Q: Provide background information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be…

A: INTRODUCTION Zanamivir Zanamivir is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza caused by Influenza A…

Q: Discuss in detail, how you would produce egg based vaccines for influenza virus.

A: The most common way that flu vaccines are made is using an egg-based manufacturing process.

Q: Explain why the authors believe that plasma cells are implicated in the infection and recovery of…

A: Novel corona virus disease (COVID 2019) has emerged as a pandemic now.  Corona virus belongs to a…

Q: Describe the applications of BCG vaccine.

A: A vaccine is synthesized from a weakened or killed form of a microbe, microbe’s toxins, or surface…

Q: Describe two mechanisms a virus might use to prevent the induction of apoptosis in an infected cell.

A: Apoptosis is the most typical form of cell death that is operated by a series of events controlled…

Q: Explain why the authors believe that plasma cells are implicated in the infection and recovery of…

A: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory…

Q: Retroviruses can sometimes increase the likelihood of developing cancer. There are two ways that…

A: A retrovirus is a type of virus that has its genetic material in the form of RNA. When a retrovirus…

Q: Explain what an mRNA vaccine is and elaborate on how it differs from other types of vaccines

A: A biological preparation that is administered to a person to develop active acquired immunity…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine? Please make a table one…

A: Vaccines form an integral part of the community's well-being by providing the essential needed…

Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…

A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…

Q: Explain the connection between plaque formation and lytic bacteriophage.

A: Viruses are obligate parasites and multiply only inside the host cells.

Q: Mention the causative agents of DNA lesions in the human body that can lead to cancer.

A: The causative agents are environmental agents that alter the structure of DNA and lead to harmful…

Q: explain  Resistance plasmids

A: Plasmid is a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes,…

Q: Virology:Describe how to make an attenuated virus vaccine by briefly describing each step(1-4) in…

A: Live and attenuated vaccines are  obtained from “wild” viruses or bacteria. By the help of repeated…

Q: 00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the…

A: Inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesvirus : Acyclovir  Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral…

Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.

A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…

Q: Identify about the Qualities of an effective vaccine.

A: The immune system protects our body from infections.

Q: Match the following drug targets with the type of antibiotic that uses them (answers may be used…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: n the "Vaccine Strategies" figure, multiple vaccination options are presented. Select all options…

A: Vaccine refer to the material used to induce artificial active immunity.  Vaccine is of following…

Q: Justify the selective use of the smallpox vaccine.

A: Smallpox was one of the deadliest diseases of human race that was responsible for wiping out huge…

Q: Then describe and explain with detail how viruses replicate. Be sure to describe where these events…

A: When a cell divides, it duplicates all of its components and divides in two. But the production of…

Q: Explain how trangenic animals can be used in producing effective malarial vaccines?

A: Transgenic animals refer to the animals in which the foreign or altered or genes are introduced by…

Q: Animal cell cultures are grown in sterile chambers with special media that contain the correct…

A: The process of cell culture refers to the removal of cells from an animal or plant and growing them…

Q: Provide research information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be sure…

A: Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections.

Q: Explain Why it is necessary to take the covid-19 vaccine

A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an upper respiratory tract infectious disease caused by…

Q: Which of the following assays would utilize monoclonal antibodies? MRI imaging of mice expressing…

A: Antibodies are proteins that are secreted by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes or B…

Q: . Give an example of a DNA-repair defect that leads tocancer

A: Cancer results when body mechanism fails to control the cell division that has lost the control…

Q: . a. Compare the means by which retroviral and AAVvectors deliver therapeutic genes to human…

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: describe or gicve at least 2 other therapeutic strategies that employ knowledge of pathways allowing…

A: The process of entry into a host cell is a key step in the life cycle of the most of the viruses. In…

Q: Give (2) two recently-developed technologies used in the detection and diagnosis of human diseases.

A: Diagnosis is the procedure by which any of the diseases can be detected and there are various…

Q: If the cancer vaccine can elicit an inmmune response against the targets found on tumor cells, is…

A: The vaccinations are intended to identify proteins in cancer cells.Antigens are compounds that cause…

Q: Explain the use of chick embryo cell culture in the production of vaccines

A: The cell-based vaccine manufacturing process that uses animal cells like Madin-Darby Canine Kidney,…

Q: Describe problems associated with the use of viralvectors to introduce therapeutic genes into the…

A: Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into…

Q: Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle of reversing thedirection of transcription from…

A: Retroviruses could do reverse transcription. That is, retroviruses could make DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Name the disease that viroids can cause.

A: Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens . They are composed mainly of a short strand of…

Q: Describe the steps in the production of multinucleate giant cellsduring a viral infection.

A: A cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. The…

Q: Reverse transcriptase is an error prone DNA polymerase.   Describe the role of reverse transcriptase…

A: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that is involved in a process called Reverse Transcription. Here,…

Cancer Therapy