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- Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.A phenotypically abnormal individual has a phenotypically normalfather with an inversion on one copy of chromosome 7 and a phenotypicallynormal mother without any changes in chromosomestructure. The orders of genes along the two copies of chromosome7 in the father are as follows: R T D M centromere P U X Z C (normal chromosome 7)R T D U P centromere M X Z C (inverted chromosome 7) The phenotypically abnormal offspring has a chromosome 7 withthe following order of genes: R T D M centromere P U D T R Using a sketch, explain how this chromosome was formed. In youranswer, explain where the crossover occurred (i.e., between whichtwo genes).A young couple is planning to have children. Knowing that there have been a substantial number of stillbirths, miscarriages, and fertility problems on the husband’s side of the family, they see a genetic counselor. A chromosome analysis reveals that, whereas the woman has a normal karyotype, the man possesses only 45 chromosomes and is a carrier of a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 22 and 13. Q. If trisomies and monosomies entailing chromosomes 13 and 22 are lethal, approximately what proportion of the surviving offspring are expected to be carriers of the translocation?
- The following Pedigree shows an unknown genetic disorder. The disorder is believed to be caused by single gene mutations. For the following disorder, determine whether the mutant gene is located on an autosome or X chromosome. A phenotypically normal woman has an abnormally structured chromosome 2, along with a normal homologue. She marries a phenotypically normal man with an abnormally structured chromosome 16 and a normal homologue. What is the probability of their child will have an abnormal chromosome 2 and 16? What is the probability that this child, having inherited both abnormal chromosomes, will now pass both abnormal chromosomes to its children?crossing over within a pericentric inversion produces chromosomes that have extra copies of some genes and no copies of other genes. The fertilization of gametes containing chromosomes with duplications or deletions often result in children with syndromes characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, abnormal development of organ systems, and early death. Maarit Jaarola and colleagues examined individual sperm cells of a male who was heterozygous for a pericentric inversion on chromosome 8 and determined that crossing over took place within the pericentric inversion in 26% of the meiotic divisions (M. Jaarola, R. H. Martin, and T. Ashley. 1998. American Journal of Human Genetics 63:218–224). Assume that you are a genetic counselor and that a couple seeks counseling from you. Both the man and the woman are phenotypically normal, but the woman is heterozygous for a pericentric inversion on chromosome 8. The man is karyotypically normal. What is the probability that this…
- Neurofibromatosis 1 is considered an autosomal dominant disorder because the gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 17. It is caused by microdeletion at the long arm of chromosome 17 band 11 sub-band 2 involving the NF1 gene. Group of answer choices Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect Statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 is correct Both statements are incorrect Both statements are correctdescribe a specific example of chromosome abnormality that leads to human cancers, such as leukemia, other than the Philadelphia chromosome that is derived from the translocation of chromosome 9 and 22which genetic disorder matches below descriptions. extra 21st chromosome attaches to chromosome 14. Affected individual exhibit epichanthic folds of eyelids, simian crease in palms, and mental retardation. trisomy 18 Affected individuas have an elongated skull, hair lip, cleft palate, rocker-bottom feet. Life expectancy is about 10 weeks. trisomy 21. Affected indiviudals exhibit epicanthic folds of eyelids, protruding tongue, small, low set ears, and retardation.
- Two phenotypically normal parents produce a phenotypically abnormal child in which chromosome 5 is missing part of its long arm but has a piece of chromosome 7 attached to it. The child also has one normal copy of chromosome 5 and two normal copies of chromosome 7. With regard to chromosomes 5 and 7, what do you think are the chromosomal compositions of the parents? Would it most likely be reciprocal translocation? It wouldn't be simple translocation because then the child would have the entirety of one chromosome and only some of the other, but in this case, there is only partial chromosome 5 and chromosome 7?In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a recessive condition called eyeless (ey) significantly interferes with normal eye development. Eyes are either very small or absent. The ey gene is found on chromosome 4, which is the smallest of the four chromosomes in the organism. Individuals with a single copy or three copies of chromosome 4 are viable and can reproduce. A trisomic wild-type male is crossed with a disomic wild-type female: see attached image Determine the chromosome constitution and phenotypic ratios in the offspring. Assume random segregation of chromosomes into gametes.Why is the incidence of survivable genetic disorders involving deletions of parts of chromosomes so rare? Why is the incidence of trisomy of larger chromosomes rarer than the incidence of trisomy of smaller chromosomes? What is the relationship between the severity of symptoms and the size of chromosome involved in the trisomy?