Many animals have the p53 gene that makes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and helps prevent the formation of cancer cells. The table below shows the percentage of p53 gene sequences that the 4 species have when compared to humans. Species Percentage of p53 Gene Sequence Similar to Human Human 100 Horse 60.7 Fruit Fly 15.5 Rat 76.8 Pig 81.3 Which organism in the table is most closely related to humans based on this data? Opig horse fruit fly rat

Many animals have the p53 gene that makes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and helps prevent the formation of cancer cells. The table below shows the percentage of p53 gene sequences that the 4 species have when compared to humans. Species Percentage of p53 Gene Sequence Similar to Human Human 100 Horse 60.7 Fruit Fly 15.5 Rat 76.8 Pig 81.3 Which organism in the table is most closely related to humans based on this data? Opig horse fruit fly rat

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter10: Control Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9SA: Which of the following includes all of the others? a. homeotic genes c. SRY gene b. master genes d....

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When the DNA of a human cell becomes damaged, the p53 geneis activated. What is the general function of the p53 protein?Is it an enzyme, transcription factor, cell-cycle protein, orsomething else? Describe three ways in which the synthesisof the p53 protein affects cellular function. Why is it beneficialfor these three things to happen when a cell’s DNA hasbeen damaged?
Traditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?
The origin of genes that have new functions often involves the divergence of geneduplicates. Duplicates can arise via severalmechanisms.a. One mechanism of gene duplication is retrotransposition, the insertion into the genomeof DNA produced by reverse transcription ofa messenger RNA. These gene duplicates areoften dead on arrival: they are pseudogenesas soon as they are formed. Why are suchduplicates so often dead on arrival?b. A second mechanism of gene duplicationoccurs via unequal crossing over duringmeiosis. Gene duplicates formed this way arefunctional more often than when they arise byreverse transcription. Why is that?c. If a gene duplicate is initially functional, whatare its possible ultimate fates? Which is mostlikely, and why?
Malaria, one of the most pervasive and destructive of all infectious diseases, is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted from person to person by mosquitoes. Plasmodium parasites are able to evade the host immune system by constantly altering the expression of their var genes, which encode Plasmodium surface antigens (L. H. Freitas-Junior et al. 2005. Cell 121:25–36). Individual var genes are expressed when chromatin structure is disrupted by chemical changes in histone proteins. What type of chemical changes in the histone proteins might be responsible for these changes in gene expression?
A hypothetical cell lineage is shown here. A gene, which we will call gene X, is activated in the B-1 cell, so the B-1 cell will progress through the proper developmental stages to produce three nerve cells (D-1, D-2, and D-3) and one muscle cell (D-4). Gene X is normally inactivated in the A-1, C-1, and C-2 cells, as well as the four D cells. Draw the expected cell lineages if a heterochronic mutation had the following effects: A. Gene X is turned on one cell division too early. B. Gene X is turned on one cell division too late.
In a study showing that approximately 10% of protein-coding genes are essential for Cell survival .This translates into which of the following number of essential genes in the human genome .a)100 b) 500 c)1000 d)2000
What classification would TP53 gene belong belong too and why?
Since all cells contain the same number of chromosomes and the overall same/similar genome how would the genome in a nerve cell work differently than the genome of a muscle cell? In other words what epigenetic processes cause these differences between cell types at the molecular level
I am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?
Although humans and nematodes (round worms) have approximately the same number of coding genes, humans exhibit greater phenotypic complexity. This illustrates the ______________________ paradox which can be partly explained by_______________________. Group of answer choices G value, differences in gene regulatory networks (e.g., # transcription factors) C-value, cell size and transposable elements G-value, cell size and transposable elements C-value, differences in gene regulatory networks (e.g., # transcription factors)
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy toameliorate some human genetic diseases by adding anormal gene copy to cells whose genomes originallyhad only nonfunctional mutant copies of that gene.For example, a form of blindness due to the lack of asingle protein called RPE65 has been reversed byintroduction of a normal RPE65 gene to cells of theretina of adults.a. The success of this gene therapy approach providesus with clues about the role of the RPE65 proteinin the retina. Do you think that RPE65 is neededfor the proper development of the human eye?b. Can you see a potential difficulty in applying this genetherapy approach for diseases like microcephaly?
Go to the NCBI’s website at https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov On the database dropdown menu, select “Gene” and search for “RB1.” The first entry should be on the Homo sapiens version; click the gene name. Use the information to answer the following: What is the chromosomal location of RB1? Scroll down to the “Expression” data. List 2-3 examples of normal tissues that typically express the RB1 gene. Would you say that RB1 expression is very specific or general within tissues? Scroll down to the “NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)” section. Click on the “GenBank” link under NG_009009.1 RefSeqGene. This will take you to the genomic sequence of RB1. How many nucleotides long is the full-length RB1 gene? Return to the RefSeq section in the Gene Database for RB1 (back click once from where you were for part c). Click on the link under “mRNA and Protein(s)” listed as NM_000321.3. This will take you to the mature mRNA sequence data: How many bases long is the full-length RB1 mRNA transcript? Scroll…