Many home heating systems operate by pumping hot water through radiator pipes. The flow of the water to different "zones" in the house is controlled by zone valves that open in response to thermostats. The opening and closing of a zone valve is commonly performed by a wax actuator, as shown in the diagram. When the thermostat signals the valve to open, a dc voltage of 29.8 V is applied across a heating element (resistance R= 208 Q) in the actuator. As the wax melts, it expands and pushes a cylindrical rod (radius 2.00 mm) out a distance 1.00 cm to open the zone switch. The actuator contains 3.10 mL of solid wax of density 0.900 g/cm3 at room temperature (20.0°C). The specific heat of the wax is 0.800 J/(g.°C), its latent heat of fusion is 60.0 J/g, and its melting point is 90.0°C. When the wax melts its volume expands by 15.0%. How long does it take until the valve is fully open? Wax Heating element Cylindrical rod To thermostat Rubber diaphragm Wax actuator

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Chapter21: Current And Direct Current Circuits
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Many home heating systems operate by pumping hot water through radiator pipes. The flow of the water to different “zones" in the
house is controlled by zone valves that open in response to thermostats. The opening and closing of a zone valve is commonly
performed by a wax actuator, as shown in the diagram. When the thermostat signals the valve to open, a dc voltage of 29.8 V is
applied across a heating element (resistance R= 208 Q) in the actuator. As the wax melts, it expands and pushes a cylindrical rod
(radius 2.00 mm) out a distance 1.00 cm to open the zone switch. The actuator contains 3.10 mL of solid wax of density 0.900 g/cm³ at
room temperature (20.0°C). The specific heat of the wax is 0.800 J/(g.°C), its latent heat of fusion is 60.0 J/g, and its melting point is
90.0°C. When the wax melts its volume expands by 15.0%. How long does it take until the valve is fully open?
Wax
Heating
element
Cylindrical rod
To thermostat
Rubber
diaphragm
Wax actuator
Transcribed Image Text:Many home heating systems operate by pumping hot water through radiator pipes. The flow of the water to different “zones" in the house is controlled by zone valves that open in response to thermostats. The opening and closing of a zone valve is commonly performed by a wax actuator, as shown in the diagram. When the thermostat signals the valve to open, a dc voltage of 29.8 V is applied across a heating element (resistance R= 208 Q) in the actuator. As the wax melts, it expands and pushes a cylindrical rod (radius 2.00 mm) out a distance 1.00 cm to open the zone switch. The actuator contains 3.10 mL of solid wax of density 0.900 g/cm³ at room temperature (20.0°C). The specific heat of the wax is 0.800 J/(g.°C), its latent heat of fusion is 60.0 J/g, and its melting point is 90.0°C. When the wax melts its volume expands by 15.0%. How long does it take until the valve is fully open? Wax Heating element Cylindrical rod To thermostat Rubber diaphragm Wax actuator
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