1. Mr. Smith is a chronic alcoholic whose liver shows signs of cirrhosis. Mr. Smith needs tohave a surgical procedure, but there is concern because his pre-surgical blood testsindicate his blood is slow to clot.Explain the likely connection between his poor clotting time and his liver condition.Here it is given that the patient is a chronic alcoholic has liver cirrhosis. We need to notethat Liver is responsible for the production of clotting factors I, X.MIJX, X,XI,XII which are veryimportant for secondary clot formation in blood coagulation process. Since the patient is hasliver cirrhosis, the patient's liver won't be able to produce these clotting factors. The lackbecomes difficult to control the bleeding due to lack of these clotting factors. So surgeryis not indicated in this patient.2. It is not uncommon for a patient in renal (kidney) failure to suffer from anemia.Explain how a failing kidney could be related to the condition of anemia.Kidney is responsible for the production of a hormone called Erythropoietin. Thiserythropoietin plays a key role in the production of red blood cells which carry oxygenfrom lungs to the tissues. Erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells inthe hematopoietic organs. In kidney failure the production of this erythropoietin is decreasedleading to decrease in the production of red blood cells. This leads to a condition calledanemia where there are not enough red blood cells to carny oxvaen from lunas to the tissues.Martin and Kim were thrilled with the arrival of their first-born child, Michael but becameconcerned when his skin and whites of his eyes began to turn yellowish. The baby's doctoexplained that Michael was suffering from a transient condition known as neonatalphysiological jaundice and was going to be okay. Although this condition could have seriouonsequences, Michael's case was very mild and was not a cause for alarm.Vhat is the name of the chemical that is responsible for Michael's jaundice?Where does it come from?Explain one reason that newborns might become jaundiced?

Answered: Martin and Kim were thrilled with the…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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1. Mr. Smith is a chronic alcoholic whose liver shows signs of cirrhosis. Mr. Smith needs to
have a surgical procedure, but there is concern because his pre-surgical blood tests
indicate his blood is slow to clot.
Explain the likely connection between his poor clotting time and his liver condition.
Here it is given that the patient is a chronic alcoholic has liver cirrhosis. We need to note
that Liver is responsible for the production of clotting factors I, X.MIJX, X,XI,XII which are very
important for secondary clot formation in blood coagulation process. Since the patient is has
liver cirrhosis, the patient's liver won't be able to produce these clotting factors. The lack
becomes difficult to control the bleeding due to lack of these clotting factors. So surgery
is not indicated in this patient.
2. It is not uncommon for a patient in renal (kidney) failure to suffer from anemia.
Explain how a failing kidney could be related to the condition of anemia.
Kidney is responsible for the production of a hormone called Erythropoietin. This
erythropoietin plays a key role in the production of red blood cells which carry oxygen
from lungs to the tissues. Erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells in
the hematopoietic organs. In kidney failure the production of this erythropoietin is decreased
leading to decrease in the production of red blood cells. This leads to a condition called
anemia where there are not enough red blood cells to carny oxvaen from lunas to the tissues.
Martin and Kim were thrilled with the arrival of their first-born child, Michael but became
concerned when his skin and whites of his eyes began to turn yellowish. The baby's docto
explained that Michael was suffering from a transient condition known as neonatal
physiological jaundice and was going to be okay. Although this condition could have seriou
onsequences, Michael's case was very mild and was not a cause for alarm.
Vhat is the name of the chemical that is responsible for Michael's jaundice?
Where does it come from?
Explain one reason that newborns might become jaundiced?

Expert Solution

Step 1 Introduction on Bilirubin and Biliverdin pigment:

Biliverdin is a green pigment that is converted to yellow colour bilirubin by an enzyme biliverdin reductase and this process occur in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Bilirubin runs into the bloodstream in combination with albumin Bilirubin is a yellow compound formed by the breakdown of heme. This process is necessary for clearance of waste products that originates via the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells.