Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology instead of convergent evolution? a. The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical b. The two species live at great distance from each other c. The structures in adult members of both species are similar in size d. Both species are well adapted to their respective environments

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology instead of convergent evolution? a. The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical b. The two species live at great distance from each other c. The structures in adult members of both species are similar in size d. Both species are well adapted to their respective environments

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYU: EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements: (a) Natural...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

By comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related. b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related. c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.
If two otherwise dissimilar organisms share similar genomic DNA, to what would you attribute the genomic similarity? A)DNA is not a reliable basis for phylogenetic decisions. B)The shared genes have evolved a number of times and have no phylogenetic significance. C)The shared genes are ancient and probably no longer function within the altered physiological states of modern organisms. D)The shared genes developed early in evolution and are likely to be applicable to a wide diversity of organisms. E)The two taxa are more closely related than formerly believed because they may share a common ancestor
Imagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem) Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor). HINT = use Eqn 7.1, several times- first to estimate mutation rate. Then to estimate the unknown time since divergence
Imagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem) Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor). What assumptions are you making to get this estimate?
Why is molecular data for phylogenetic inference best analyzed with use of an explicit model of molecular evolution? A) This is true of morphological data, not molecular data, it is impossible to model changes in molecular sequence data because it is constantly evolving. B) Because molecular data is known to only experience random changes and is constantly evolving, a chaotic model of evolution can universally be applied to molecular sequence data for phylogenetic analysis. C) Because molecular data is known to experience non-random changes in terms of the likelihood of different types of mutations -- transitions vs. transversions, at different codon positions, which can be used to infer sequence evolution and relationship. D) None of the above.
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
(top or bottom) Species A, B, C, D, and, E are all extant species (living today; not to be confused with “extinct” species). Consider the common ancestor shared between humans and species A (ancestor A-H), the common ancestor between species B and humans (ancestor B-H), etc. Which of thetwo trees below best represents the phylogenetic relationship between species shown in the nucleotide divergence plot above (top tree or bottom tree)?
Which of the following statements best explains the importance of sister taxa for understanding the evolution of ingroup taxa? A) The sister group informs of the likely state of the common ancestor of the ingroup. B) The sister group is composed only of ancestral characters representing a primitive taxon having ancestral states for all characters able to be studied. C) The sister group allows us to infer character state polarity in order to understand how character states have changed during evolution of the ingroup. D) A & B E) A& C F) All of the above.
Suppose we are sure, because of previous studies, that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4 (outgroup). We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. Draw the most parsimonious tree and label each evolutionary change on the tree (Position – new nucleotide; Example = 8T or 6C). *The answer is below but I do not understand where the numbers or tick marks came from? Could someone explain. For example, why is the 1A on the 2?
In terms of classification of organisms, it can be said that the living things on Earth are very A. dangerous B. deceptive C. developed D. diverse. The next lower level of classification, immediately following phylum is A. kingdom B. order C. class D. species. The next higher level of classification, immediately following family is A. species B. genus C. class D. order. Human beings are called Homo sapies; here, “Homo” represents A. genus B. species C. class D. kingdom. Organisms belonging to the same species usually interbreed with one another. Exceptions to this can be found in some A. reptiles B. mammals C. plants D. vertebrates
Scientists conducted research to examine the evolutionary relationship between 10 bird species and an alligator species. They isolated the amounts of the dinucleotides cytosine and guanine found in the genomic DNA of each species. The graph shows the traditional taxonomic groups of the bird species used and the average percentage of dinucleotides in their DNA. Which of the following statements is best supported by the DNA evidence? A - Gamebirds likely evolved after non-perching birds. B - A bird’s ability to fly may be linked to its dinucleotide percentage. C - The dinucleotide percentages demonstrate coevolution of all species. D - Non-perching birds are more similar genetically to alligators than flightless birds.
A scientist is attempting to a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humansAfter doing DNA analysis, they that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA Organismn and humans share 80% of their DNA Organism and humans share 90% of their DNA Based on informationwhich order should they go on the cladogram ( related to most related ?