read the article that is in the images and write the most important data 11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar.192web.whatsapp.comPART TWO Radiographic Positioning and Related AnatomyModified Lateral and Lateral ObliqueIf evaluation of the entire length of the urinary tract is ofconcern in a male, the hind limbs may mask the membra-nous and penile urethra' in a true lateral position. There aretwo alternatives that could be considered the modifiedlateral and lateral oblique.Modified LateralPositioningPlace In: Right lateral recumbency.Head: Keep in a natural position, and hold appropriatelywith a sandbag over the neck. Be careful not to restrictbreathing.Forelimbs: Pull cranially and sandbag. Place a small foampad between the forelimbs to help eliminate rotation ofthe cranial abdomen.Hind Limbs: Pull the pelvic limbs cranially as far forward aspossible without causing rotation of the body from thetable. An appropriately sized foam pad placed betweenthe femurs may help eliminate rotation of the pelvis. Placesandbags over the limbs.BOTH POSITIONS Measure: Over the ischium.Central Ray: Over the cranial wing of the ilium unless therectum is of interest; in that case have the central beamover the pelvis.Borders: For a bladder, prostate, or caudal contrast study,include L4 and the caudal aspect of the rectum.TECHNICIAN NOTES Remember to collimate to thearea of interest and include the markers.FIGURE 18-8 Positioning for a modified lateral view of a male forcontrast studies. The hind limbs are pulled cranially as far as possible forevaluation of the membranous and penile urethra.Sternum: Elevate the ventral abdomen with wedged spongesso the sternum is at the same plane as the vertebrae. Havethe central ray be perpendicular to both.Comments and Tips• Ensure that the pelvic limbs are not superimposed overthe caudal aspect of the os penis.• Expose immediately at the end phase of expiration.Lateral ObliquePositioningPlace in: Right lateral recumbency.Head: Keep in a natural position and support appropriatelywith a sandbag over the neck.Forelimbs: Pull cranially and sandbag.Hind Limbs: Pull the dependent limb caudally and place asandbag over the femur to keep in position. Raise thecontralateral limb so that it is pulled dorsally and out ofthe field of view. A bungee cord or gauze tied around thetarsus and metatarsus and secured to the table, machineor sandbag will help keep the limb out of the field of view.RLO-20'BFIGURE 18-9 A, Positioning for lateral oblique view of the canineabdomen. Ensure that the pelvic limbs are not superimposed over thecaudal aspect of the os penis. B, Lateral oblique radiograph of theabdomen of a feline patient during an excretory urography using iodine.46% 11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar.Modified Lateral and Lateral Oblique-cont'dComments and TipsEnsure that the pelvic limbs are not superimposed overthe caudal aspect of the os penis.Expose immediately at the end phase of expiration.For male dogs, this view may be needed because on theventrodorsal view there may be superimposition of thepenis over the bladder.web.whatsapp.com• Oblique views can also be achieved by placing the patientin the VD or DV positions and rotating the body 15-30degrees. This moves the esophagus, stomach, colon andurinary bladder away from the vertebrae to allow bettervisualization.194The criteria for proper symmetry will not apply to theoblique views.RCHAPTER 18 Small Animal AbdomenNote: Figure 18-10 shows the various positions of a Beagleduring expiration, which is when the abdomen should beexposed. Figure 18-11 shows the positions during inspira-tion. Table 18-1 contains a summary of the radiographicanatomy discussed below in this chapter along with posi-tional changes.BTECHNICIAN NOTES Strategically used position-ing aids give the patient the illusion that it is being held.A sandbag over the neck and limbs, and/or the use oftape is essential if the patient is not properly sedated.193DCFIGURE 18-10 Radiographs showing the various positions of a Beagle during expiration. A, Right lateral. B, Left lateral.C, Ventrodorsal. D, Dorsoventral.PART TWO Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy46%

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The given image contains an excerpt from a radiography positioning guide, which explains the…