Most phages that use DNA to propagate work by hijacking host bacterial machinery including RNA Polymerase. Scientists found that treatment of jumbo bacteriophage PhiKZ with Rifampicin did not stop the phage from propagating. What is allowing for the survival of this phage?
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- A bacteriophage λ is found that is able to lysogenize itsE. coli host at 30°C but not at 42°C. What genes may bemutant in this phage?You are studying your favorite (hypothetical) bacteriophage named M277. It infects E. coli and stays dormant within the bacterial cell. How does a phage become dormant within a cell? Generally, describe the steps of infection by phage in this scenarioMost temperate phages integrate into the host chromosome, whereas some replicate as plasmids. Which kind of relationship would you think would be more likely to maintain the phage in the host cell? Why?
- Which type of phages can perform generalized transduction?Which of the following is true of Generalized transduction? O creates defective virions that are missing the entire phage genome phage and host DNA are both packed in the capsid by error Cha type of Hirgone transfer Frequency is I in 10¹ O occurs during the lysogenic cycleOne of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?
- After a phage injects its DNA into a bacterial cell, the cell begins making proteins that make up the phage coat. Why does the same thing not happen when a generalized transducing particle injects the DNA it carries?Which type of phages can perform specialized transduction?During the lytic replication cycle of the bacteriophage T4, the phage _________ remains outside the cell while the phage ________ enters the cell. A) capsid protein… tail fibers B) DNA… protein C) envelope… DNA D) enzymes… ribosome E) protein… genetic material F) RNA… capsid protein
- Which of the processes of information transfer illustrated in Figure are required for the T2 phage reproduction illustrated in Figure ?Phages that destroy host cell DNA, direct synthesis of phageparticles, and cause lysis of the host cell are called:(a) Temperate phages(b) Prophages(c) Lysogenic phages(d) Virulent phages(e) TransductionsAccording to Philip Bell’s viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis, genes for DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and histone proteins were all provided by: an endosymbiotic gram-negative eubacterium an endosymbiotic archaeobacterium a gram-positive eubacterial host cell a double-stranded DNA virus an archaeobacterial host cell