Most sports injuries are immediate and obvious, like a broken leg. However, some can be more subtle, like the neurological damage that may occur when soccer players repeatedly head a soccer ball. To examine effects of repeated heading, McAllister et al. (2013) examined a group of football and ice hockey players and a group of athletes in noncontact sports before and shortly after the season. The dependent variable was performance on a conceptual thinking task. Following are hypothetical data from an independent-measures study similar to the one by McAllister et al. The researchers measured conceptual thinking for contact and noncontact athletes at the beginning of their first season and for separate groups of athletes at the end of their second season. Before the first season After the second season Contact Sport n = 20 M = 9 n = 20 M = 4 Noncontact Sport n = 20 M = 9 n = 20 M = 8
Most sports injuries are immediate and obvious, like a broken leg. However, some can be more subtle, like the neurological damage that may occur when soccer players repeatedly head a soccer ball. To examine effects of repeated heading, McAllister et al. (2013) examined a group of football and ice hockey players and a group of athletes in noncontact sports before and shortly after the season. The dependent variable was performance on a conceptual thinking task. Following are hypothetical data from an independent-measures study similar to the one by McAllister et al. The researchers measured conceptual thinking for contact and noncontact athletes at the beginning of their first season and for separate groups of athletes at the end of their second season.
|
|
Before the first season |
After the second season |
|
Contact Sport |
n = 20 M = 9 |
n = 20 M = 4 |
|
Noncontact Sport |
n = 20 M = 9 |
n = 20 M = 8 |
For the first four blanks, choose from the following and enter the letter only:
(a) sports type
(b) time
(c) before the first season/after the second season
(d) contact/noncontact
What are the factors and their levels for this study?
Factor A (rows):
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