Movement of glucose from one side to the other side of the intestinal epithelium is a major example of transcellular transport. How does the Na+/K+ ATPase power the process? Why are tight junctions essential for the process? Why is localization of the transporters specifically in the apicalor basolateral membrane crucial for transcellular transport? Rehydration supplements such as sport drinks include a sugar and a salt. Why are both important to rehydration?

Movement of glucose from one side to the other side of the intestinal epithelium is a major example of transcellular transport. How does the Na+/K+ ATPase power the process? Why are tight junctions essential for the process? Why is localization of the transporters specifically in the apicalor basolateral membrane crucial for transcellular transport? Rehydration supplements such as sport drinks include a sugar and a salt. Why are both important to rehydration?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4UC

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Glucose transporters are either open to the extracellular side or open to the intracellular side of the membrane but never both at the same time. True or False? Movement of an ion against or up its concentration gradient is exergonic. True or False? If an amino acid is transported into intestinal epithelial cells through a transporter that is able to concentrate the amino acid using a sodium ion moving down its gradient, this transporter is an example of primary active transport. True or False? The maximum gradient a primary active transporter can build has a potential energy which in magnitude is greater than or equal to the magnitude of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. True or False?
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a solute that is consumed in order to "clean out" the digestive tract in preparation for a colonoscopy. PEG cannot enter intestinal cells as there is no transport mechanism for it. How would this affect the absorption of water into the small intestine? (assume that it is taken at the correct dose and you are not actually reversing the concentration gradient across the intestinal cells.) Explain your answer in terms of concentration gradients.
Secondary transporters: describe transport of glucose into intestinal epithelial cells
If a mutation in a sodium channel in an Intestinal epithelial cell caused a marked decrease In the concentration gradient of sodium across the plasma membrane, which of the following would you expect to observe? a decrease in Na/K ATPase activity. an increase in the movement of glucose across the basolateral membrane to the extracellular space an increase in sodium/glucose co-transport into the cell across the apical membrane a decrease in cytoplasmic glucose concentration
The transport of nutrients into a cell (think glucose and amino acids, for example) is a crucial physiologic function that is facilitated by different types of membrane transport proteins. These independent transporters work together by different mechanisms to both transport essential molecules into the cell and also maintain the gradients that act as a driving force for this “active transport”. In the intestines, glucose transport occurs across the apical membrane and is then transported across the basolateral membrane into the plasma. In a simplified system, imagine that there are 3 components: • A 2Na+ / 1 Glucose symporter • A glucose uniporter • A 3Na+ / 2K+ ATPase pump / antiporter. Cellular [K+] = 139 mM and [Na+] = 12mM Blood [K+] = 4mm and [Na+] = 145mM 1)Draw a representative cell with the expected polarity and populate it with the position of the expected transporters. 2)Carefully explain the direction of ion/molecule movement and what the driving forces are and how…
Glucose is transported across the cell membrane of intestinal cells. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A facilitated diffusion B simple diffusion C osmosis D concentration gradient
Transport of glucose across the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and into the vascular system requires which of the following conditions to occur? Select one: a. Sodium concentration on the inside of the epithelial cell is equal to that outside the basolateral membrane b. Sodium concentration is higher on the inside of the epithelial cell than on the outside of the basolateral membrane c. Sodium concentration inside the epithelial cell is lower than sodium concentration in the intestinal lumen d. Sodium concentration inside the epithelial cell is higher than that sodium concentration in the intestinal lumen
Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestine
Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Glucose cannot enter easily inside the cell and require insulin to do so.What type of transport/movement does glucose exhibit?
Fatty acids must associate with lipid chaperones in order to move within the cell. Why are these chaperones needed, and what is the name given to a group of proteins that are responsible for this intracellular trafficking of fatty acids? What is the key distinguishing feature of these proteins that allows fatty acids to move within the cell?