The lateral movement of transmembrane proteins can be restricted by several diffrent mechanisms. In gut epithelial cells,which mechanisms best describes how proteins involved in nutrient intake are restricted to the apical surface and protiens involved in nutrient release are restricted to the basal and lateral surfaces? proteins are tethered to proteins on the surface of another cell proteins movement is limited by a diffusion barrier proteins are tethered to specific phospholipids proteins are tethered to the cell cortex proteins are tethered to the extracellular matrix

The lateral movement of transmembrane proteins can be restricted by several diffrent mechanisms. In gut epithelial cells,which mechanisms best describes how proteins involved in nutrient intake are restricted to the apical surface and protiens involved in nutrient release are restricted to the basal and lateral surfaces? proteins are tethered to proteins on the surface of another cell proteins movement is limited by a diffusion barrier proteins are tethered to specific phospholipids proteins are tethered to the cell cortex proteins are tethered to the extracellular matrix

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ACR: When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to...

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When the proteins of human gut epithelial cells adhere to each other so tightly that digestive enzymes from the intestinal lumen cannot pass between the cells, these proteins are exhibiting: unrestricted movement, similar to membrane phospholipids (like phosphatidylcholine) restricted movement, based on confinement by diffusion barriers (like tight junctions) restricted movement, based on tethering to extracellular molecules (like collagen) restricted movement, based on attachment to other cells (by proteins like keratin) restricted movement, based on anchoring to intracellular proteins (like spectrin)
When LDL (low density lipoprotein) is taken up by cells during pinocytosis, which of the following steps in the processing of LDL and its receptor protein does not occur? LDL attaches to LDL receptors, which form clathrin-coated vesicles the vesicles fuse with endosomes, and LDL receptors are recycled LDL is digested in lysosomes, releasing cholesterol to the cytoplasm the endosomes fuse with lysosomes for digestion of the LDL LDL receptors are digested in the lysosomes along with the LDL
When the protein integrin (a transmembrane protein in human fibroblasts) is held in place, by covalent bonds to fibronectin and collagen proteins in the interstitial spaces, integrin is exhibiting: restricted movement in the membrane, based on confinement by diffusion barriers restricted movement in the membrane, based on tethering to extracellular molecules restricted movement in the membrane, based on attachment to other cells restricted movement in the membrane, based on anchoring to intracellular proteins unrestricted movement in the membrane, similar to membrane lipids
The transport of nutrients into a cell (think glucose and amino acids, for example) is a crucial physiologic function that is facilitated by different types of membrane transport proteins. These independent transporters work together by different mechanisms to both transport essential molecules into the cell and also maintain the gradients that act as a driving force for this “active transport”. In the intestines, glucose transport occurs across the apical membrane and is then transported across the basolateral membrane into the plasma. In a simplified system, imagine that there are 3 components: • A 2Na+ / 1 Glucose symporter • A glucose uniporter • A 3Na+ / 2K+ ATPase pump / antiporter. Cellular [K+] = 139 mM and [Na+] = 12mM Blood [K+] = 4mm and [Na+] = 145mM 1)Draw a representative cell with the expected polarity and populate it with the position of the expected transporters. 2)Carefully explain the direction of ion/molecule movement and what the driving forces are and how…
Secretory vesicles (destined for exocytosis) that fuse with the plasma membrane only in an intermittent manner (often requiring an environmental signal) are properly referred to as: constitutive secretory vesicles (like those that carry lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine) the v-SNARES the endosomes the t-SNARES regulated secretory vesicles (like those that carry hormones, such as insulin)
Glucose transporters are either open to the extracellular side or open to the intracellular side of the membrane but never both at the same time. True or False? Movement of an ion against or up its concentration gradient is exergonic. True or False? If an amino acid is transported into intestinal epithelial cells through a transporter that is able to concentrate the amino acid using a sodium ion moving down its gradient, this transporter is an example of primary active transport. True or False? The maximum gradient a primary active transporter can build has a potential energy which in magnitude is greater than or equal to the magnitude of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. True or False?
Glucose is transported across the cell membrane of intestinal cells. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A facilitated diffusion B simple diffusion C osmosis D concentration gradient
Describe what gap junction are, emphasizing on how they are different two other cellular points of contact, their protein components and cellular function. Describe the three main sources of membrane fluidity. Describe in detail what proteoglycans are, including their hygroscopicity and biological roles.
Proteins are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as mitochondria/chloroplasts. There is also a transport that goes via vesicles. Describe these three different transport systems and explain how the cell knows which protein will end up in the organal.
Secretory vesicles (destined for exocytosis) that fuse with the plasma membrane continuously, with no requirement for hormones or any other environmental signal, are properly referred to as: the v-SNARES constitutive secretory vesicles (like those that carry lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine) the endosomes regulated secretory vesicles (like those that carry hormones, such as insulin) the t-SNARES
If the phosphoglycerolipids constituting the framework of the plasma membrane, these are what give it its functions. There are two main classes of membrane proteins: intramembrane proteins and peripheral protections. What is the distinction between intramembrane and peripheral proteins.
A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. Do you need to specify any additional properties to turn this protein into a symport that couples the movement of solute A up its concentration gradient to the movement of solute b down its electrochemical gradient?