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- Assume that the central bank of Country X wants the economy to be in full-employment equilibrium. What open-market operation should the central bank initiate? Given your answer in part (c), what will be the effect of the central bank’s open-market operation on each of the following in the short run? The nominal interest rate Employment. Explain. Assume that the real interest rate increases in Country X. Will the international value of Country X’s currency increase, decrease, or remain unchanged on the foreign exchange market? Explain. Assume that Country X’s financial account (formerly called capital account) balance is initially zero. Given your answer to part (e), will its financial account balance now be in surplus, be in deficit, or remain at zero?1. Suppose the government cuts transfer payments in an economy with an inflationary gap. How would this policy affect bond prices, interest rates, investment, the exchange rate, net exports, real GDP, and the price level? Show your results graphically. 2. Federally funded student aid programs generally reduce benefits by $1 for every $1 that recipients earn. Do such programs represent government purchases or transfer payments? Are they automatic stabilizers? 3. The text notes that changes in oil prices can affect the inflation-unemployment outcome. Explain what effect changes in oil prices may have on these two variables.45. Suppose the Federal Reserve releases a policy statement today which leads people to believe that the Fed will be enacting contractionary monetary policy soon. Everything else held constant, the release of this statement would immediately cause the demand for U.S. financial assets to ______ and the U.S. dollar to _______. Select one: increase; appreciate decrease; appreciate increase; depreciate decrease; depreciate 44. If the government were to cut the personal income tax at the same time that it were to increase the corporate profits tax, the equilibrium price of bonds would ________, everything else held constant. Select one: decrease be ambiguous.
- Consider Country Y, a hypothetical country that produces only plastic toys. Initially, a plastic toy is priced at €1.00. Kate has €200 in her pocket, and, with this, she can purchase .......... plastic toys. Assume the government of Y cannot raise sufficient tax revenues to pay its debts. In order to meet its debt obligations, the government prints money. As a result, the money supply rises by 10%. If monetary neutrality holds, the 10% increase in the money supply will cause the price of a plastic toy to rise/fall to € ........ . After the government prints money to pay its debts, the €200 in Kate's pocket will purchase ...... plastic toys (round down to the nearest whole plastic toy). The impact that the government's decision to raise revenue by printing money has on the value of the money in Kate's pocket is known as the ( classical dichotomy / Fisher effect / velocity of money / inflation tax )16. Use the IS-LM-PC model to answer the following questions. In Japan, suppose there is a simultaneous increase in taxes and increase in the money supply. Explain what kind of open market operations the Bank of Japan could use to increase the money supply? Graphi- cally explain what short-run effect this particular policy mix will have on output and the interest rate. In addition, graphically explain what the resulting medium-run effect this policy mix will have on output, interest rate, and inflation rateE1 Suppose the Central Bank of Bothnia buys Treasury Bonds. What will be the impact on the price level and real GDP in the country of Bothnia? Would the purchase of treasury bonds be considered expansionary or contractionary policy AND would this be fiscal or monetary policy?
- How would a contractionary monetary policy affect the exchange rate, net exports, aggregate demand, and aggregate supply?1. Discuss the importance of real GDP to an economy? 2. The problem of double coincidence of want was a huge standing block that subdued the smooth process of the barter economy. Money was introduced to solve this problem. Discuss how money was used to resolve the problem of double coincidence of want and any other problem that affected the smooth running of the barter economy ?please explain each question 1. What effect a selling bond will have on the money market? Explain using bond prices. 2. Assume that fiscal policy can be accomplished by changing only one of G and T. In the IS-LM framework, suppose the effect on the general equilibrium output is the same between expansionary fiscal policy and expansionary monetary policy. Which one would you expect to have a greater impact on the equilibrium consumption? Explain in words. Hint: Monetary policy affects also affects Y in the IS-LM framework!
- 1. As a result of an economic policy change, interest rates fall, and consumption and investment rise. This is consistent witha) A monetary expansion.b) A fiscal expansion.c) A fiscal contraction.d) A monetary contraction. 2. Under what conditions might the application of fiscal and monetary policy simply cause a change in the price level, and no change the level of national income.a) The aggregate supply curve is horizontal.b) The aggregate supply curve is vertical.c) The short run aggregate supply curve is flatter than the long run aggregate supply curve.d) The long run aggregate supply curve is flatter than the short run aggregate supply curve. 3. How might government best attempt to address the threat of long-run, structural unemployment, resulting from the globalisation of the economic environment?a) Adopt protectionist measures, such as tariffs.b) Give trade unions a formal role in economic planning.c) Increase subsidies for job retention in manufacturing industry.d) Improve…This question considers how the FX market will respond to changes in monetary policy in South Korea. For these questions, define the exchange rate as South Korean won per Japanese yen, Ewon/¥. Use the FX and money market diagrams to answer the following questions. On all graphs, label the initial equilibrium point A. a. Suppose the Bank of Korea permanently decreases its money supply. Illustrate the short-run (label equilibrium point B) and long-run effects (label equilibrium point C) of this policy. b. Now, suppose the Bank of Korea announces it plans to permanently decrease its money supply but doesn’t actually implement this policy. How will this affect the FX market in the short run if investors believe the Bank of Korea’s announcement? Please illustrate your answer graphically as well labeling the short run equilibrium B. c. Finally, suppose the Bank of Korea permanently decreases its money supply, but this change is not anticipated. When the Bank of Korea…For this question, let it represent the interest rate on the U.S. one-year discount bond, i ∗ t represent the interest rate on the British one-year discount bond, and E represent the dollar price of the British pound. Assume that policy makers are pursuing a flexible exchange rate regime, and that P is fixed (therefore, ignore any AS/AD analysis.) (a) Suppose the Fed decides to increase the money supply. Based on your understanding of the market for foreign exchange, graphically illustrate and explain what effect this expansionary monetary policy will have on the market for foreign exchange and on the exchange rate (E). (b) Now, suppose there are two countries identical in every way with the following exception: country A is closed in terms of both the goods and financial markets while country B is open with a flexible exchange rate regime. Further suppose that the central banks in both countries increase the money supply by the same amount. Briefly explain the extent to which, if…