Nucleotides are more acidic than nucleosides and nitrogenous bases.
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6.
7. Similar to
8. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate relays the primary signal to the target mechanism inside the cell.
9. Adenine has higher UV absorbing capacity compared to thymine.
10. Adenine and guanine are more soluble in aqueous solutions compared to adenosine and guanosine.
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- true or false 6. Nucleotides are more acidic than nucleosides and nitrogenous bases.7. Similar to aromatic amino acids, the sugar-phosphate backbone also absorbs a wavelength of 260 to 280 nm.8. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate relays the primary signal to the target mechanism inside the cell.9. Adenine has higher UV absorbing capacity compared to thymine.10. Adenine and guanine are more soluble in aqueous solutions compared to adenosine and guanosineAll of the following are true of integrins except (a) they are receptor proteins (b) they help organize the cytoskeleton (c) they are part of the ECM (d) they are important in cell signaling (e) they are located in the plasma membrane1. Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger? Why can't the code be taken directly from the DNA? How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same? In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?
- 3. translate the following sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides in a sequence of amino acids forming part of a polypeptide chain a. C-U-G-U-U-U-U-G-C-A-G-U-G-G-U-U b. write the sequence of nucleotides for the portion of a DNA molecule that served as a pattern or template for the formation of the messenger RNA above. c. A certain protein contains the following sequence of amino acids: isoleucine-serine-arginine-glutamic acid-serine-proline-valine-glutamic acid. Using the table found in your text, write the sequence of RNA triplet that would code for this sequence of amino acids. then write the sequence of DNA triplets that would code for the formation of RNA6. A researcher isolates and collects a particular cell membrane protein and injects a pure solution of these proteins into a laboratory animal. The laboratory animal most likely ______. A. incorporates the proteins into its own cell membranes B. digests the proteins as a food source C. produces antibodies that bind specifically to that membrane protein D. goes into shock and die2. In the images above, use the scale bar to deduce what are you most likely to be looking at. What do you think is being shown in the figure? A. An image of many cells in a tissue. B. A sub-cellular image. C. An image of a whole cell. The location of phosphatidylserine (PS) was visualized in the figure above by a protein called annexin that specifically recognizes and binds to PS. Annexin was injected into a blood vessel in the live embryo at either day E13 (left) or E14 (right). The live embryo was cultured for 30 min before fixing and staining. Annexin can leak out of embryonic blood vessels by leaking between the immature cells. Annexin is labeled in brown. Ignore the arrows..
- 3) The ACE2 receptor protein in humans has been getting a lot of press these days, as it apparently serves as a "receptor" for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in addition to its normal functions. This protein has an isoelectric pH of 5.36. Suppose you want to purify this protein to study its properties, with the goal of developing a drug that would block it from binding the virus. Once you have purified the cell surface proteins from your cultured human lung cells away from all the other types of molecules in the cell, and all the cytoplasmic proteins, you might decide to use ion exchange chromatography to separate the ACE2 proteins from other proteins in your sample. If you plan to load your protein mixture onto your ion exchange column in a buffer at pH 7.4 (approximately physiological pH) and you want the ACE2 proteins to bind to the column, should you use a resin with a positive charge or a negative charge? Briefly explain why you chose the resin you selected.Which structure allows living organisms to detect changes in the environment? a. a protein b. a receptor c. a gene d. RNA e. a nucleusWhat property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic inferior of the plasma membrane. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.
- 6. An individual contracts an infection and this results in the production of soluble proteins that act as signalling molecules between cells. Outline and differentiate the various biological activities of these molecules.5. Which of the following is NOT true of formins and Arp2/3 nucleators? Group of answer choices A. They are involved actin filament assembly B. They are the rate-limiting step of actin polymerization C. They are both actin-nucleating proteins D. They both assemble long actin filaments E. They are both controlled by signal transduction pathways9. Consider the signal transduction pathway above. Label the following components of the pathway: ligand, receptor, secondary messengers, protein kinase, amplification 10. What is the specific name of the molecules that are serving as secondary messengers in the signal transduction pathway above? a. What is the role of secondary messengers? b. Name one other substance known to function in this capacity
