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- 13. Indang Company requires 40,000 kilos of soya beans each month in its operations. To eliminate the price risk associated with the purchase of soya beans, on December 1, 2011, Indang entered into a futures contract as a cash flow hedge to buy 40,000 kilos of soya beans at P150 per kilo on March 1, 2012. The market price on December 31, 2011 and March 1, 2012 is P160 per kilo. The appropriate discount rate is 9% and the present value of 1 at 9% for one period is 0.917. What amount should be recognized by Indang Company on December 31, 2011 as derivative asset or liability? a. 400,000 asset b. 400,000 liability c. 366,800 asset d. 366,800 liabilityMinetech Resources Berhad anticipates the need to purchase 80,000 bushels of soybeans in six months to use in their products. The current cash price for soybeans is RM5.50 a bushel. A six-month futures contract for soybeans can be purchased at RM5.53. Show all your working steps. i)Explain why Minetech Resources Berhad might need to purchase futures contracts to hedge their position. ii)To completely hedge their exposure, how many contracts will they need to purchase? Soybeans trade in 5,000-bushel contracts. iii)If the cash price of soybeans ends up at RM5.75 per bushel after six months, by how much will the actual cost of 80,000 bushels of soybeans have gone up? iv)After the futures contracts are closed outsold at RM5.75, what will be the gain on the futures contracts? v)Considering the answers to parts (iii) and (iv), what is their net position?Choc Full of Good Inc., a producer of powdered hot chocolate, has just received a large order that will require the purchase of 800 metric tons of cocoa in 3 months. The current spot price of cocoa is US $3,055 per metric ton. The standard deviation of the change in spot cocoa price is 0.2. Mr. Dulce, the CFO of Choc Full, is considering a minimum-variance hedge of this future cocoa purchase using the three-month cocoa futures contract. The contract size is 10 metric tons. The standard deviation of the change in cocoa futures price is 0.25. The covariance between the change in the spot and futures cocoa price is 0.035. The annually compounded interest rate faced by the company is 5%, the three-month storage cost is $2.5 per metric ton, and the convenience yield is $0.5 per metric ton. a. What is the futures price per metric ton of cocoa? b. Should the company long or short cocoa futures?
- 14. Naga Company produces bottled grape juice. Grape juice concentrate is typically bought and sold by the pound. Naga uses 50,000 pounds of grape juice concentrate each month. On November 1, 2011, Naga entered into a grape juice concentrate futures contract as a cash flow hedge to buy 50,000 pounds of concentrate on February 1, 2012 at a price of P50 per pound. The market price on December 31, 2011 and February 1, 2012 of the grape juice concentrate is P38 per pound. The appropriate discount rate is 11%. The periodic system is used. What amount should be recognized by Naga Company on December 31, 2011 as derivative asset or liability? a. 540,540 asset b. 540,540 liability c. 600,000 liability d. 600,000 assetXYZ flour company is planning to buy wheat for the next year’s production. 10,000 bushels of wheat will be purchased each quarter, on the 15th of January, April, July, and October in 2022. It wants to lock the wheat price using a futures contract, and at the same time use a swap to prepare the expenditure. The spot price of wheat today (April 15, 2021) is $3.1 per bushel, and the company enters futures contracts today. The prevailing interest rate is 1.5%, compounded continuously. Recall that each futures contract is for 5000 bushels and assume no storage cost of wheat. (a) If the company uses a prepaid swap, what is the prepayment? (b) If the company uses a plain vanilla swap for the quarterly purchase next year, what is the fixed amount?A trader buys two July futures contracts on frozen orange juice concentrate. Each contract is for the delivery of 15,000 pounds. The current futures price is 160 cents per pound, the initial margin is $6,000 per contract, and the maintenance margin is $4,500 per contract. What price change would lead to a margin call? Under what circumstances could $2,000 be withdrawn from the margin account?
- A farmer shorts cocoa futures for 500 tons at RM6,000 per ton. The exchange requires him to post RM300,000 as the initial margin, and sets the maintenance margin at RM250,000. At what price change the margin call level will be triggered? What is the margin call price?The spot price for smoked salmon is $5,000 per ton and its six-month futures price is $4,800. The monthly interest rate is .0025 (.25%). What is the average monthly net convenience yield on smoked salmon for the next six months? If you are a manager of Bread&Circusand need 10 tons of smoked salmon in six months. How can you avoid the risk in the price of smoked salmon over the next six months using futures? Suppose that your net convenience yield for smoked salmon is 1.2%. How does this change your hedging strategyA company enters into a short futures contract to sell 25,000 units of a commodity for 70 cents per unit. The initial margin is $4,000 and the maintenance margin is $3,000. What is the futures price per unit above which there will be a margin call? O 76 cents O 66 cents 74 cents O 78 cents
- You are the buyer for a cereal company and you must buy 80,000 bushels of corn next month. The futures contracts on corn are based on 5,000 bushels and are currently quoted at 415′0 cents per bushel for delivery next month. If you want to hedge your cost, you should _____ contracts at a cost of _____ per contract.A company enters into a short futures contract to sell 10,000 units of a commodity for $0.5 per unit. The initial margin is $5000 and the maintenance margin is $3000. When will there be a margin call? Question 1Answer a. As soon as the futures price exceeds $0.7 per unit. b. As soon as the futures price exceeds $0.8 per unit. c. As soon as the futures price exceeds $0.5 per unit. d. As soon as the futures price exceeds $0.6 per unit.After collecting basis data, a canola grower feels that 775 dollars per tonne is a realistic forward cash price for the fall’s crop since November canola futures are trading at 800 dollars per tonne. To hedge, the producer purchases an at-the-money PUT for 20 dollars tonne on May 19th. While the hedge was in place, canola producers in Europe experienced crop failures and consumers in China began to import large quantities of canola produced in Canada. By October 15th, November canola futures had risen to 825 dollars per tonne. However, because of increased local production, the basis in the grower’s region weakened by 5 dollars tonne. On October 15th the grower sold his canola in the cash market. Use T-accounts to answer the following: 1. What is the net selling price from hedging using the PUT?