O d. Only b and c are true. O b. If the social marginal cost is $20 per unit, then Q2 is the output level that maximizes social net benefit. O a. It must be the case that Q1+Q2=Q3. O c. The social marginal benefit of the Q1st unit is $28. O e. None of the above are true.
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- Environmentalists and economists often find themselves at odds with each other. The conflict between the romantics and the rationalists surfaced again in the debate over air-quality standards set under the Clean Air Act of 1990. Under the law, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must establish standards that promote public health. The EPA’s cost-benefit analysis assigns a value for each life saved of $4.8 million. Is $4.8 million a reasonable value to place on a life? What questions would economists consider relevant in determining the value of a life? How would environmentalists react to the questions economists ask?Which of the following assertions regarding the economic approach is false?a. The goal of economic approach is to maximise net benefits.b. A change is economically efficient as long as marginal benefit is at least as greatas marginal cost.c. A change is economically efficient as long as the marginal social benefits exceedsmarginal private benefits.d. Economists prefer incentive-based policies to command-and-control.The depletion of the ozone layer is attributed to the emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Before 1990, the use of coolants in refrigerators such as Freon released a significant amount of CFCs. Given the above scenario, is the equilibrium level of refrigerators produced prior to 1990 in the market “too much” or “too little” compared to the social optimum? Explain why this occurs. Support your answer by drawing the private and social, marginal cost and marginal benefit curves for refrigerators. Identify the deadweight loss if any exists. Identify a regulation that the government can use to achieve the socially optimal level of refrigerators. Explain how this regulation works. Explain how the Coase theorem could hypothetically work to achieve the optimal level of CFCs emissions in this context. Enumerate at least one major drawback that hinders the creation of a market for CFCs without any third party regulators in the real world. Assume that the marginal savings for refrigerator…
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- a) What event budget would maximize the social welfare function W = UA + UB? (b) If households privately decide how much to contribute to the event budget, what will the total budget be?Suppose that externalities exist in the market for rice (e.g., pollution and wastes dumped in nearby water reservoir producing ice cream) and this has inflicted damage to nearby community. The associated marginal damage was estimated as MD = 2Q. Sketch, in the same diagram, the MD (marginal damage) associated with this good’s production. Explain why MD curve is upward sloping.The three residents of Smallville are consideringa fireworks display. Clark values this public goodat $80; Lana at $50; and Pete (who dislikesfireworks) at −$30. Fireworks cost the town $120,or $40 per person. The efficient outcome is for thetowna. to provide the public good because the medianperson values it more than its cost per person.b. to provide the public good because a majorityof the residents value it more than its cost perperson.c. to provide the public good because the total valueof a majority exceeds the total cost.d. not to provide the public good because the totalvalue of all residents is less than the total cost.
- When should a private good be produced from an efficiency standpoint? A.When the marginal cost exceeds the sum of all of society’s marginal benefit B.When the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit from consumption C.When the sum of all of society’s marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost D.When the marginal benefit from consumption exceeds the marginal costSuppose Troutsville (population of 4) wants to put on a firework display. Leslie would get $40 worth of benefit, Mark would get $30 worth of benefit, Maggie would get $20 worth, and Erika would get $10 worth. What is the socially efficient amount to spend on the display? a. $25, the average of their benefitsb. $10, the minimum of their benefitsc. $40, the max of their benefitsd. impossible to telle. $100, the sum of their benefits1. Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in whichthere is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model.Using the model, answer the following questions:(a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of socialwelfare.(b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds.What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?(c) Explain the concept of the utility possibility frontier. What is the role of the utilitypossibility frontier in the social welfare maximization problem of a welfarist society?