Olestra is a fat substitute approved by the FDA for use in snack foods. Because there have been anecdotal reports of gastrointestinal problemsassociated with olestra consumption, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment was carried out to compare olestra potatochips to regular potato chips with respect to GI symptoms ("Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Consumption of Olestra or RegularTriglyceride Potato Chips," J. of the Amer. Med. Assoc., 1998: 150 152), Among 529 individuals in the control group (no olestra), 17.6%experienced an adverse GI event, whereas among the 563 individuals in the olestra treatment group, 15.8% experienced such an event.Compute a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the two true proportions.How do you classify the problem?It is a problem in the area of Probability, since the question is about computing a probability.It is a problem in the area of Descriptive Statistics, since we need to compute the sample means and sample standard deviations.It is a problem in the area of Inferential Statistics, since it is about drawing conclusions about populations based on information fromIt is a problem in the area of Statistics.CS Scanned with CamScanner

The given problem is asking to compute the 98% CI for the difference b/w the two true proportions.

Answered: Olestra is a fat substitute approved by…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The article “Treadmill Exercise and Resistance Training in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease With and Without Intermittent Claudication. A Randomized Controlled Trial” (M. McDermott, P. Ades, et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, 2009:165–174) reported the results of a study to determine whether treadmill exercise could improve the walking ability of patients suffering from claudication, which is pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscles of the legs. A sample of 48 patients walked on a treadmill for six minutes every day. After six months, the mean distance walked in six minutes was 348 m, with a standard deviation of 80 m. For a control group of 46 patients who did not walk on a treadmill, the mean distance was 309 m with a standard deviation of 89 m. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean distance walked between the two groups of patients.
The article “Treadmill Exercise and Resistance Training in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease With and Without Intermittent Claudication. A Randomized Controlled Trial” (M. McDermott, P. Ades, et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, 2009:165–174) reported the results of a study to determine whether treadmill exercise could improve the walking ability of patients suffering from claudication, which is pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscles of the legs. A sample of 48 patients walked on a treadmill for six minutes every day. After six months, the mean distance walked in six minutes was 348 meters, with a standard deviation of 80 m. For a control group of 46 patients who did not walk on a treadmill, the mean distance was 309 m with a standard deviation of 89 m. Can you conclude that the mean distance walked for patients using a treadmill is greater than the mean for the controls? Use the α = 0.05 level of significance.
In a study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one year after the treatment, and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment (based on data from “High Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy,” by Dale et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 274, No. 17). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment. Describe a type 1 error for this test.
In a study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one year after the treatment, and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment (based on data from “High Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy,” by Dale et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 274, No. 17). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment. What do you conclude? (Be sure to address the original claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment.
In a study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one year after the treatment, and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment (based on data from “High Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy,” by Dale et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 274, No. 17). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment. What is the value of the standard score for the sample proportion?
state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case. Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled “A Randomized Trial of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease inWomen” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that “We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mgof aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a rst major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes).”
The article “Capillary Leak Syndrome in Children with C4A-Deficiency Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled Study” (S. Zhang, S. Wang, et al., Lancet, 2005:556–562) presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of giving blood plasma containing complement component C4A to pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass patients. Of 58 patients receiving C4A-rich plasma, the average length of hospital stay was 8.5 days and the standard deviation was 1.9 days. Of 58 patients receiving C4A-free plasma, the average length of hospital stay was 11.9 days and the standard deviation was 3.6 days. Can you conclude that the mean hospital stay is shorter for patients receiving C4A-rich plasma?
A random sample of 50 suspension helmets used by motorcycle riders and automobile race-car drivers was subjected to an impact test, and on 18 of these helmets some damage was observed.
A 2017 article in The New England Journal of Medicine details the results of a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a rotavirus gastroenteritis vaccine designed for infants. As per the authors: “Each year, rotavirus gastroenteritis is responsible for about 37% of deaths from diarrhea among children younger than 5 years of age worldwide, with a disproportionate effect in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Niger to evaluate the efficacy of a live, oral bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (BRV-PV, Serum Institute of India) to prevent severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Healthy infants received three doses of the vaccine or placebo at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Episodes of rotavirus gastroenteritis were assessed through active and passive surveillance.” The following Kaplan-Meier curves show the time to a diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis separately for the vaccine and placebo samples. Infants were followed for up to 60…
Does It Pay to Plead Guilty? The accompanying table summarizes randomly selected sample data for San Francisco defendants in burglary cases (based on data from “Does It Pay to Plead Guilty? Differential Sentencing and the Functioning of the Criminal Courts,” by Brereton and Casper, Law and Society Review, Vol. 16, No. 1). All of the subjects had prior prison sentences. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sentence (sent to prison or not sent to prison) is independent of the plea. If you were an attorney defending a guilty defendant, would these results suggest that you should encourage a guilty plea?
Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled “A Randomized Trial of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease inWomen” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that “We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes).”
A research group is interested in the association between vitamin E supplementation and a decreased risk for osteoporosis in a group of elderly women. The team randomly samples a group of women potentially enrolled in the study after a strict set of inclusion criteria have been met, and pairs each woman receiving the supplementation with two women receiving a placebo based on a number of characteristics such as BMI, education, and socio-economic status. The data compiled after 10 years of follow up were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Which of the following methods to reduce confounding was not employed in the above scenario? Stratification Regression Restriction Matching

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