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- Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. VegT and Veg1 induce both dorsal and ventral mesoderm. b. Veg1 and VegT induce endoderm signals. c. Beta-catenin must enter the nuclei of cells on the dorsal surface for frog development to progress normally. d. Nodal is required to induce both the Organizer and ventral mesoderm.Which of the following describes the importance of the formation of the morula in earlyhuman development?A. it is the process that initiates gastrulationB. it is the process that initiates the formation of the epiblast and hypoblastC. it is the process that initiates the formation of the trophoblast and inner cell massD. it is the process that initiates the formation of the trophoblast and epiblastWhich of the following is false? a. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers. b. The trophoblast is a germ layer. c. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells. d. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells.
- The development of sex and gender is a good example of a developmental cascade because: Group of answer choices Although having an X and a Y chromosome at conception typically leads to the development of testes during prenatal development, this may not lead to typical male genitalia if certain hormones are present later in development Two people may have the same gonads early in prenatal development but end up with different external genitalia and gender identities as a result of differences in the prenatal environment All of the options listed here are correct Having two X chromosomes at conception typically leads to the development of ovaries during prenatal development, which typically leads to high levels of estrogen in puberty, which typically leads to a female gender identity in adulthood. In humans, identical twins are possible because(A) extraembryonic cells interact with the zygote nucleus.(B) convergent extension occurs.(C) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated.(D) the gray crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.Which of the following correctly identifies the different phases of human development? Select one: A. The 1st trimester is fertilization and mitosis, and 2nd and 3rd trimesters involve differentiation. B. Week 1 to 8 are called fetal development, and weeks 9 to 39 are called embryonic development. C. The 1st trimester is called embryonic development, the 2nd trimester is called fetal development, and the 3rd trimester is when the baby grows to gain more weight. D. Week 1 to 8 are called embryonic development, and weeks 9 to 39 are called fetal development.
- Address the items below as they relate to human embryology; a) discuss when the germ layers of human development begin to form, explain how each originates, explain what each will differentiate into, and what happens to each layer immediately after formation b) distinguish the developmental differences between a 20 day old embryo and a 4wk embryo in humans.Norms of reaction describe an embryo’s inherited ability to develop a range of phenotypes. The environment can play a role in selecting which phenotype is expressed Discuss in 5-6 sentencesWhich developmental stage is mismatched? a. second week—implantation b. third week—heart development begins c. fourth and fifth week—limb buds appear d. sixth through eighth week—all organ systems present e. None of these stages are mismatched.
- The following are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. The dorsal lip of blastophore influences the formation of the neural tube and the flanking mesoderm. What concept? Question #2. The outermost part of the cup-shaped embryo is destined to form the nervous system and the skin. What concept? Question #3. It refers to the directive influences in ontogeny. What concept?The embryos of complex multicellular animals must establish spatial coordinates if development is to proceed. An important reference coordinate for developing frogs is theA. location of the vegetal pole.B. location of the animal pole.C. point of sperm penetration.D. location where gastrulation begins.E. direction of the sun.Fill in the blank: _________________ fluid protects the embryo from jarred movements and provides a watery environment fordevelopment.