On the Island of Knights and Knaves we have two people A and B. A says: Exactly one of us is a knight if and only if B is a knight. B says: A is a knight if I’m a knight. determine if A and B are each a knight or a knave. (The problem might have no solutions, one solution, or many solutions.)
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On the Island of Knights and Knaves we have two people A and B.
A says: Exactly one of us is a knight if and only if B is a knight.
B says: A is a knight if I’m a knight.
determine if A and B are each a knight or a knave. (The problem might have no solutions, one solution, or many solutions.)
Step by step
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- The Josephus problem is the following game: N people, numbered 1 to N, are sitting in a circle. Starting at person 1, a hot potato is passed. After M passes, the person holding the hot potato is eliminated, the circle closes ranks, and the game continues with the person who was sitting after the eliminated person picking up the hot potato. The last remaining person wins. Thus, if M = 0 and N = 5, players are eliminated in order, and player 5 wins. If M = 1 and N = 5, the order of elimination is 2, 4, 1, 5. Write a C program to solve the Josephus problem for general values of M and N. Try to make your program as efficient as possible. Make sure you dispose of cells. What is the running time of your program? If M = 1, what is the running time of your program? How is the actual speed affected by the delete routine for large values of N (N > 100,000)? ps. provide a screenshot of output, thankssLet l be a line in the x-yplane. If l is a vertical line, its equation is x = a for some real number a. Suppose l is not a vertical line and its slope is m. Then the equation of l is y = mx + b, where b is the y-intercept. If l passes through the point (x₀, y₀), the equation of l can be written as y - y₀ = m(x - x₀). If (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) are two points in the x-y plane and x₁ ≠ x₂, the slope of line passing through these points is m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁). Instructions Write a program that prompts the user for two points in the x-y plane. Input should be entered in the following order: Input x₁ Input y₁ Input x₂Note that for this question, you can in addition use ``land'' for the symbol ∧ ``lor'' for the symbol ∨ ``lnot'' for the symbol ¬. Given the following three sentences:A) Every mathematician is married to an engineer.B) A bachelor is not married to anyone.C) If George is a mathematician, then he is not a bachelor. a) Convert A,B,C into three FOL sentences, whereMn(x): x is a mathematician.Er(x): x is an engineer.Md(x,y): x is married to y.Br(x): x is a bachelor.george: George is a constant. b) Show that A does-not-entail C. (Hint: Consider defining an interpretation I such that I models A, but does-not-model C.)c) Show that {A,B} entails C. (Hint: For a given interpretation I, consider two difference cases, the case where Mn(george) is true, and the case Mn(george) is false. For both cases, argue that it is always that I models C).d) Convert A,B, lnot C into a set of clausal forms, number your clauses. (Note that C is negated here!) e) Derive the empty clause from the set of clauses…
- .I want to make a calculator in which I have to cross the 4 numbers + .-. *. / I have to solve it in cross. I have 4 numbers like a.b.c.d) a + c.and b+dA Norman window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. Suppose the outer perimeter of such a window must be 600 cm. In this problem you will find the base length x which will maximize the area of such a window. Use calculus to find an exact answer. When the base length is zero, the area of the window will be zero. There is also a limb on how large x can her when x is large enough, the rectangular portion of the window shrinks down to zero height. What is the exact largest value of x when this occurs?Suppose a person can buy a chocolate bar from the vending machine for $1 each. Inside every chocolate bar is a coupon. A person can redeem 3 coupons for one chocolate bar from the machine. This means that once a person has started buying chocolate bars from the machine, he/she always has some coupons. A person would like to know how many chocolate bars can be bought, if a person starts with N dollars and always redeem coupons, if he/she has enough for an additional chocolate bar. For example: With 3 dollars a person could buy 4 chocolate bars after purchasing 3 bars giving him/her 3 coupons and then redeeming the 3 coupons for one bar. This would leave him/her with one extra coupon. Thus, will have 4 chocolate bars and still have one coupon leftover. For 11 dollars, a person can have 16 chocolate bars and still have one coupon leftover. For 12 dollars, a person can have 17 chocolate bars and have two coupons leftover. Write a complete Python program that prompts a buyer to input…
- Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Design a bottom-up (non-recursive) O(nk)-time algorithm that makes change for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and analyze its running time. Argue why your choice of the array and the order in which you fill in the values is the correct one. Notice how it is a lot easier to analyze the running time of…Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Design a bottom-up (non-recursive) O(nk)-time algorithm that makes change for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and analyze its running time. Argue why your choice of the array and the order in which you ll in the values is the correct one.Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Prove that the coin changing problem exhibits optimal substructure. Design a recursive backtracking (brute-force) algorithm that returns the minimum number of coins needed to make change for n cents for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and prove that your algorithm is correct.
- Write a program for solving the system Ax=b byIn practical life, the employees get salaries and pay taxes honestly. Sometimes, the process of drawing salariesand payment of taxes may lead to some interesting situation. Suppose, a person draws salary of Rs. 10,000 permonth. A certain percentage of tax is charged on that amount, which is deducted every month. But if the salaryof the person is more than Rs. 10,000 per month, then the tax rate is different. Similarly if a person is getting Rs.20,000 per month, he/she would be charged more under a different tax rate slab. The interesting situationdevelops if there is an anomaly in the tax rates i.e. a person who is getting higher salary takes home lesser moneyas compared to the other person with less gross salary.To further elaborate it, we suppose that there is company 'C' where 100 or less than 100persons are employed. The salaries of the employees and their tax rates are known to us.We are required to list those unlucky persons, who are getting lesser take-home salary(net salary)…C++ : solve the following question in the picture.