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- Consider the following conversation between Gary Means, manager of a division that produces industrial machinery, and his controller, Donna Simpson, a certified management accountant and certified public accountant: Gary: Donna, we have a real problem. Our operating cash is too low, and we are in desperate need of a loan. As you know, our financial position is marginal, and we need to show as much income as possibleand our assets need bolstering as well. Donna: I understand the problem, but I dont see what can be done at this point. This is the last week of the fiscal year, and it looks like well report income just slightly above breakeven. Gary: I know all this. What we need is some creative accounting. I have an idea that might help us, and I wanted to see if you would go along with it. We have 200 partially finished machines in process, about 20% complete. That compares with the 1,000 units that we completed and sold during the year. When you computed the per-unit cost, you used 1,040 equivalent units, giving us a manufacturing cost of 1,500 per unit. That per-unit cost gives us cost of goods sold equal to 1.5 million and ending work in process worth 60,000. The presence of the work in process gives us a chance to improve our financial position. If we report the units in work in process as 80% complete, this will increase our equivalent units to 1,160. This, in turn, will decrease our unit cost to about 1,345 and cost of goods sold to 1.345 million. The value of our work in process will increase to 215,200. With those financial stats, the loan would be a cinch. Donna: Gary, I dont know. What youre suggesting is risky. It wouldnt take much auditing skill to catch this one. Gary: You dont have to worry about that. The auditors wont be here for at least 6 to 8 more weeks. By that time, we can have those partially completed units completed and sold. I can bury the labor cost by having some of our more loyal workers work overtime for some bonuses. The overtime will never be reported. And, as you know, bonuses come out of the corporate budget and are assigned to overheadnext years overhead. Donna, this will work. If we look good and get the loan to boot, corporate headquarters will treat us well. If we dont do this, we could lose our jobs. Required: 1. Should Donna agree to Garys proposal? Why or why not? To assist in deciding, review the corporate code of ethics standards described in Chapter 1. Do any apply? 2. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate and that Gary accepts this decision and drops the matter. Does Donna have any obligation to report the divisional managers behavior to a superior? Explain. 3. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate; however, Gary insists that the changes be made. Now what should she do? What would you do? 4. Suppose that Donna is 63 and that the prospects for employment elsewhere are bleak. Assume again that Gary insists that the changes be made. Donna also knows that his supervisor, the owner of the company, is his father-in-law. Under these circumstances, would your recommendations for Donna differ?Which of the following is not an example of how payroll can provide input into the union negotiation process? Advise on issues surrounding the cost of increased wages Advise on issues surrounding the timing of retroactive payments Advise on issues surrounding increasing the group benefit package Advise on issues surrounding methods of increasing productivityI go back to my original question! Why do you think accountants have never unionized?
- Costco has a policy of not hiring business school graduates because it wants employees to start at the bottom and work their way up. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?The head of the accounting department is not satisfied with the implementation of the new system. He believes that the new system will result in job losses for many of the bookkeepers. They are threatening industrial action. In your role as project sponsor, what should you do to resolve the situation?Why do people commit fruad in there jobs? what should a manager do if some of its workers committed fraud and been fired and charged criminally.
- 1 What financial arguments could you use to justify your proposedrecommendations to segregate FLTs and the workers?Undertaking FDI, by definition, means not investing in the MNE’s home country. What are the ethical dilemmas here? What are your recommendations as (1) MNE executives, (2) labor union leaders of your domestic (home-country) labor forces, (3) host-country officials, and (4) home-country officials?A company believes that it is subject to scrutiny by particular interest groups such as employee unions because it is earning excessive profits. Do you think that this might influence whether the company prefers to recognize revenue over time for its construction contracts, whether it would prefer to defer profit recognition until the completion of the project? Using this case, discuss whether it be appropriate to recognize revenue at completion of production rather than at the point of sale?
- Suppose that all employers in a perfectly competitive industry do not have a preference for discriminating against African Americans but that all the employees at one firm do. Describe what will happen to the profit-maximizing output level of this firm in the long run if the employees’ racial preferences influence the firm’s hiring decisionsDiscuss why in many liability firms, the managers do not receive a fixed payment for their work, but rather they are paid according to the results (such as profits or sales).Consider again Milton Friedman’s article. 1. What does Friedman mean by “ethical custom”? 2. If the laws of the society are limiting the company’s profitability, would the company be within its rights to disobey the law? 3. What if the law is “on the books,” but the company could count on a lack of enforcement from state officials who were overworked and underpaid? Should the company limit its profits? Suppose that it could save money by discharging a pollutant into a nearby river, adversely affecting fish and, potentially, drinking water supplies for downstream municipalities. In polluting against laws that aren’t enforced, is it still acting “within the rules of the game”? What if almost all other companies in the industry were saving money by doing similar acts?