Ouabain specifically inhibits the Na+K+ ATPase activity of animal tissues but is not known to inhibit any other enzyme. When ouabain is added to thin slices of living kidney tissue, it inhibits oxygen consumption by 66%. Why? What does this observation tell us about the use of respiratory energy bykidney tissue?
Q: How is the increase in temperature likely to affect the O2 affinity of the fish's hemoglobin, and…
A: As the fish moves in Hot water; it also results in increasing the temperature of fish body because…
Q: aerobic and anaerobic respiration, NADH is oxidized to return to NAD+ which is needed for…
A: Aerobic respiration can be described as the process involving the breakdown of carbohydrates such as…
Q: In nature, there are some organisms that are unable to perform aerobic respiration in the presence…
A: All living organisms require energy derived from the metabolism of complex biomolecules in food for…
Q: You would expect decreased production of ATP in all of the following individuals except a. an…
A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.…
Q: am having trouble understanding cellular respiration, what exactly does it do? And why is it very…
A: For cells to function, energy is required. The fuel required by the cell is provided by glucose, a…
Q: Humans have only about 250 g of ATP, but even a couch potato needs about 83 kg of ATP to open a bag…
A: ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that is used to store and transfer the energy in…
Q: Cyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas…
A: There are various ways in which ATP synthesis can be inhibited as various reactions and complexes…
Q: The average human generates approximately their own weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses…
A: Sodium-Potassium pump is a P class pump, where, P stands for phosphorylation. Pumps are…
Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to NADP+. How many reducing…
A: The Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a coenzyme while, Nicotinamide Adenine…
Q: Under what conditions will lactic acid accumulate in skeletal muscle? Select one: A. When NADH is…
A: A reduction in muscle force generated over time or as a result of pathological conditions is…
Q: Erythrocytes are the only cells of the body that use glycolysis for ATP production. Why?
A: Glycolysis is the process of glycolytic enzymes splitting glucose molecules to produce ATP for…
Q: When blue crabs living in full-strength seawater swell duringmolting, they take on the H2O that…
A: The process of controlling the salt and water balance in the cellular membrane of the body. The…
Q: Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01). (a) How do…
A: There are different metabolic functions related to the metabolic state of NAD+/NADH ratio and the…
Q: It has been noted that the mitochondria of muscle cells often have more cristae than the…
A: The mitochondria organelle has a double membrane system, in which the inner membrane has the…
Q: In the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of seven molecules of glucose into carbon…
A: In oxidative phosphorylation oxidation of NADH/FADH2 occurs, transport of electrons through Electron…
Q: If 40 molecules of glucose enter into cellular respiration in the presence of O2, how many molecules…
A: Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) is known as central metabolic pathway in which oxidation of all type of…
Q: Which of the following statements concerning the metabolic degradation of glucose (CH1206) to carbon…
A: Cellular respiration is a metabolic processes consisting of a steps to convert chemical energy(…
Q: If K* and valinomycin are added to respiring cells, fully coupled ATP-synthesizing mitochondria,…
A: The channel forming ionophores greatly increase the permeability of a membrane towards a specific…
Q: What effect would cyanide have on NADH and NAD+ concentrations in a cell? In your response, you must…
A: Cyanide is a poison that inhibits the cellular respiration by binding to ferric ions of cytochrome…
Q: How many ATPs are produced by the respiratory chain from all the molecules od FADH2 formed from the…
A: One glucose molecule undergoes the process of aerobic respiration for its complete oxidation that…
Q: In biological systems, exergonic processes are often coupled with endergor Consider the coupled…
A: An endergonic reaction is coupled with the exergonic reaction so that the energy released by…
Q: On average, 180 liters of plasma are filtered each day. A. If humans had to expend one molecule of…
A: Plasma is classified as the largest constituent that is present in the blood. It has a light…
Q: Which one of the following chemical equations represent the aerobic cellular respiration? a. 6CO2+…
A: In Aerobic Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration ↓…
Q: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is and enzyme in Glycolysis, and an important control enzyme in the…
A: Glycolysis is defined as the breakdown of glucose into two molecule of pyruvate. It takes place in…
Q: How many ATP equivalents would be generated or used by the metabolism of butanoic acid to carbon…
A: Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy in the body. Glucose is the simplest and major…
Q: NADH and NADPH are both reducing agents and involved in metabolism. How do they differ aside from…
A: NADP and NADPH are both coenzymes They help to get energy from the electron transport chains and…
Q: Glucose (C6H1206) is broken down in cells through a series of redox reactions ending with the…
A: As the glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen.
Q: Which of the following is true regarding the metabolism in animals? O Metabolism is the total…
A: ANSWER) Metabolic processes in animals are the chemical activities which includes both anabolic and…
Q: Which one of the following chemical equations represent the aerobic cellu respiration? a. 6CO2 +…
A: The stages of cellular respiration include four stages- glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric…
Q: How much fat (in grams) would the body have to burn to produce the daily minimum requirement of 40…
A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - approx 22 to 23 kg of fat.
Q: Considering the chemicalequation of the aerobiccellular respiration whichmolecules does the cell…
A: Aerobic cellular respiration required oxygen for their process. It synthesis more ATP as compared to…
Q: Which of the following condition 1 occur by incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate? * O a)…
A: Answer d. Anaerobic condition
Q: A radiolabeled glucose solution is utilized as a nutrient source for a human myocyte in order to…
A: Glucose is the most favored respiratory substrate for most forms of life and myocytes (muscle cells)…
Q: When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield…
A: Ion transfer across the membrane is mediated by an ionophore. Ions are shielded from the lipophilic…
Q: NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH?
A: Basically NAD+ has two general sets of reactions in the human body helping turn nutrients into…
Q: The following figure shows two absorption spectra. NAD* is the solid line. NADH is the dashed line.…
A: To monitor the development of various enzymatic redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions, UV…
Q: Rotenone is an insecticide that is not toxic to plants, but is highly toxic to fish and insects. (it…
A: Rotenone is a colourless, odourless insecticide, piscicide, pesticide. Rotenone naturally occurs in…
Q: In nature, there are some organisms that are unable to perform aerobic respiration in the presence…
A: All living organisms require energy derived from the metabolism of complex biomolecules in food for…
Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD+ to NADP+. How many reducing…
A: NAD+ kinase is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into NADP+ through…
Q: You are growing human muscles cells in the lab and you are trying to test how well the cells survive…
A: In general, whether we are exercising or experimenting a muscle cell in a lab containing oxygen in…
Q: We often describe respiration by the simple equation of 6 O2 + C6H1206- 6 CO2 + 6 H20. However, as…
A: Respiration is the process of the exchange of gases which is completed in several steps. The first…
Q: ATP hydrolysis is directly coupled to the movement of O a. glucose across the animal-cell plasma…
A: The movement of the calcium ions across the membrane requires the energy and this transport of the…
Q: There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of…
A: ATP synthase is an enzyme, which directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during the…
Q: Does the conversion of IMP to GMP use or produce ATPeither directly or indirectly? Justify your…
A: Nucleotides are defined as the building blocks of nucleic acids. They carry the information and are…
Q: The aerobic oxidation of 2 FADH2 and 10 NADH in perspiratory chain reaction will produce. . *
A: NADH and FADH2 are the reducing equivalents produced in the glycolytic and the TCA cycle pathway.…
Q: Why are oxygen molecules important in oxidative phosphorylation? What are the consequences if they…
A: The presence of oxygen is important in order to receive electrons from the protein complexes. This…
Ouabain specifically inhibits the Na+K+ ATPase activity of animal tissues but is not known to inhibit any other enzyme. When ouabain is added to thin slices of living kidney tissue, it inhibits oxygen consumption by 66%. Why? What does this observation tell us about the use of respiratory energy by
kidney tissue?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- When blue crabs living in full-strength seawater swell duringmolting, they take on the H2O that bloats their bodies from theseawater in which they live. They obtain some of the H2O bydrinking. In addition, data show that the activity of Na+–K+-ATPase in their gills increases as they start to swell duringmolting. This rise in ATPase activity suggests that the gillsincrease active transport of ions from the surrounding seawaterinto the blood of the crabs. How could this process help accountfor uptake of H2O?Using the set of data that follows, calculate how many of themolecules of O2 that were used in aerobic catabolism by JuliusCaesar are in each liter of atmospheric air today. All valuesgiven are expressed at Standard Conditions of Temperature andPressure (see Appendix C) and therefore can be legitimatelycompared. Average rate of O2 consumption of a human maleduring ordinary daily activities: 25 L/h. Number of years afterhis birth when Caesar was mortally stabbed near the RomanForum: 56 years. Number of liters of O2 per mole: 22.4 L/mol.Number of moles of O2 in Earth’s atmosphere: 3.7 × 1019 mol.Number of molecules per mole: 6 × 1023 molecules/mol. Amountof O2 per liter of air at sea level (20°C): 195 mL/L. Be prepared tobe surprised! Of course, criticize the calculations if you feel theydeserve criticism.When animals oxidize stored fat, they produce metabolic water.Even though the production of metabolic water from stored fatfollows principles of chemical stoichiometry, the net gain of waterthat animals realize from the oxidation of stored fat depends onthe humidity of the atmosphere. Explain why. Does the net gainincrease or decrease as the atmosphere becomes more humid?
- A fish swims from a body of cool water into a body of warm water. As its body temperature rises, its rate of O2 consumption increases. The warm water, however is likely to have a lower concentration of dissolved O2 than the cool water because the solubility of O2 in water decreases as temperature increases. These two factors taken together, an increase in the fish's rate of O2 consumption and a decrease in the dissolved O2 concentration of its environmental water, can make it difficult for the fish to obtain enough O2 to meet its needs. The two factors can act as a two-pronged trap. Actually, however, the fish may face a three-pronged trap. How is the increase in temperature likely to affect the O2 affinity of the fish's hemoglobin, and how could the effect on hemoglobin add even further to the challenge the fish faces? Does global warming pose concerns of this sort?The movement of salt from the surrounding water to theblood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure ofenergy in the form of ATP. Why?Cyanide binds to and blocks the action of cytochrome oxidase which is the last cytochrome in the electron transfer chain and is required for its normal function. When inhibited by cyanide all processes upstream in the cellular respiration process are inhibited. Given this information, what affect will cyanide poisoning have on human metabolic rate?
- You are growing human muscles cells in the lab and you are trying to test how wellthe cells survive with decreasing concentrations of oxygen. As part of yourexperiment, you are measuring the rate of glucose use, the rate of mitochondrial ATPproduction and the pH of the solution surrounding the cells. As the concentration ofoxygen becomes lower änd lower, what changes might you expect to observe inthese cells?A. The rate of glucose use would increase, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and the pH of the solution would decrease (become more acidic).B. The rate of glucose use would decrease, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and the pH of the solution would increase (become more basic).C. The rate of glucose use would increase, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould increase, and the pH of the solution would decrease (become more acidic)D. The rate if glucose use would decrease, the rate of mitochondrial ATP productionwould decrease, and…Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by an increased level of ketone bodies, which causes metabolic acidosis. A patient in diabetic ketoacidosis will have an altered rate of ventilation. Will the patient be hyperventilating or hypoventilating? How will a change in the rate and depth of ventilation compensate for an acidosis that is metabolic in nature?Other than CO2 produced what else could we measure to find out the rate of cellular respiration?
- The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the Liters of CO2 produced to the Liters of O2 consumed by an individual (CO2 exhaled in liters)/(O2 inhaled in liters). It is used as a measure of basal metabolic rate and can indicate which types of molecules are being used by a person to produce energy. For glucose (C6H12O6), this value is 1 as the equation for the complete oxidation of glucose is: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O For fatty acids that are degraded through beta oxidation and fed into the TCA cycle, the RQ value would be ______ the values for glucose oxidation. Fill in the blank with: a) higher than b) the same as c) lower thanIn nature, there are some organisms that are unable to perform aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen. What would be the possible reason(s) behind this phenomenon?In nature, there are some organisms that are unable to perform aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen. What could be the possible reason(s) behind this phenomenon?