If K* and valinomycin are added to respiring cells, fully coupled ATP-synthesizing mitochondria, explain what will happen to the pH gradient and the AY. Compare the action of valinomycin with gramicidin in ATP production and electron transport.
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Q: Describe the chemiosmotic coupling mechanism. Draw a simple picture illustrating this mechanism and…
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Q: Explain how the mechanism of ATP generation in the chloroplast similar to that in the mitochondria?…
A: Introduction Plants and other organisms use photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical…
Q: (a) how this differs from its orientation in mitochondria. Given the orientation of the components…
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Q: cytoplasm
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Q: Which of the following best describes the specific gradients driving ATP synthesis in figures A and…
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Q: Give all the reactions that will produce ATP either by substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) or by…
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Q: How would a ubiquinone inhibitor directly affect the ATP yield? a. By increasing the electron…
A: Answer--- Correct option is (d)
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Q: Show how the reactions of the electron transport chain differ from those in Question 3 when FADH2 is…
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Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…
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Q: In the preparation of inside-out particles, the F1 component of the ATP synthase enzyme (a) can pe…
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Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD+ to NADP+. How many reducing…
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Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…
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Q: Complexes I and II of the electron transport complex transfer electrons from NADH and succinate,…
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Q: With the addition of rotenone to respiring cells, how can that affect the electron transfer from…
A: Rotenone is an inhibitor of the electron transport chain and affects the ATP formation in the…
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A: An uncoupler, also known as an uncoupling agent, is a chemical that disturbs oxidative…
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that a. are energy consuming (under standard-stale conditions), b. are energy yielding (under standard-state conditions), c. consume ATP. d. yield ATP e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity. f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (see Table 18.2).If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?
- When hydrogen ions flow across the membrane through the molecular turbine (ATP synthase), is this movement of H+ ions an active or passive process?(a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II) anaerobic respiration? (b) In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP and what the driving force for the ATP formation through ATP synthase?Calculate the amount of ATP’s that will be formed during the oxidative phosphorylation process if: 46 NADH + H and 12 FADH + H is available .
- Discuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP Synthase. How do those inhibitors inhibit ATP synthase? What is the thermodynamic result of this inhibition? Why does the inhibition of the synthase cause inhibition of the ETS?A new ATP-producing protein is discovered that couples ATP production to the oxidation of NADPH by oxidative phosphorylation. Assume that the value of ΔGo for ATP synthesis is 30 kJ•mol−1. If this protein only produces 1 molecule of ATP per reaction that consumes one NADPH: a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions?b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATP
- Discuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP Synthase. Name several specific inhibitors of ATP synthase. How do those inhibitors inhibit ATP synthase? What is the thermodynamic result of this inhibition? Why does the inhibition of the synthase cause inhibition of the ETS?When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but the FADH-/FADratio remains unchanged. What step in the system is beinginhibited?Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow through the electron transport chain. In other words, if "XYZ" molecule gets reduced at one step and then re-oxidized at the next step, that would count as 1 XYZ reduced. Think Total not Net. a)Total # of Cytochrome C proteins reduced b)Total # of H+ pumped across membrane c)Total # of H2O produced
