Q: Liver cells need NADH and ATP for gluconeogenesis, which involves both cytoplasm and mitochondria.…
A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…
Q: For 30 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in the glycolysis down to the Krebs cycle, what…
A: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm irrespective of the presence or absence of oxygen. Each molecule…
Q: The citric acid cycle is frequently described as the major pathway of aerobic catabolism, which…
A:
Q: Explain the fate of each carbon during the completeaerobic metabolism of glucose.
A: Glucose, a six-carbon compound, enters glycolysis to form two pyruvate molecules (3 carbon…
Q: The tricarboxylate transport system supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA for palmitate synthesis. What…
A: The biosynthesis of plamitate requires acetyl-CoA and also the input of chemical energy in two forms…
Q: The pyruvate S lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate S ethanol fermentation in…
A: Pyruvate to lactate reaction takes place in our muscle or other microorganisms while fermentation…
Q: Which of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD…
A: The pyruvate formed by the process of glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA. The reaction is…
Q: Give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to synthesize energy in the form of ATP and…
Q: What would happen to the ATP yield of cellular respiration if: The inner membrane of the…
A: The cellular respiration involves breakdown of glucose and production of energy in the form of ATP.…
Q: Long explanations are not needed. True or False a. One NADH is produced for every pyruvate…
A: The pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. It provides NADPH for…
Q: Among the choices, I. alpha-ketoglutarate II. Glutamine III. NADPH IV. H+ which among here is the…
A: Citric acid cycle is also called as Krebs cycle.
Q: What is the main purpose and importance of pyruvate oxidation in the cellular respiration?
A: Pyruvate is created by glycolysis within the cytoplasm, yet pyruvate oxidation happens in the…
Q: The "intermediate step" of respiration is also called pyruvate oxidation and pyruvate…
A: Answer: The intermediate stage of cellular respiration,called the transformation of pyruvate, takes…
Q: What part of the citric acid cycle is also part of the electron transport chain mechanism? O…
A: Cellular respiration is defined as the process where the series of metabolic reactions occurs within…
Q: two of the reduced electron carriers in the citric acid cycle come directly from a) isomerization…
A: Glucose is the main source of energy generation in living cells. Under aerobic conditions glucose…
Q: Pyruvate generated by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is converted to lactate or ethanol. It…
A: Pyruvate, the end product of the glycolysis has two fates: fermentation (in the absence of oxygen)…
Q: In Oxidative Phosphorylation (The electron transport chain) NADH in general produces more ATP than…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway where ATP formation takes place, and this is when…
Q: Glycerol generated from TG hydrolysis in adipocytes is converted by the liver into _____________,…
A: Triglycerides were a derivative of glycerol which was stored as lipid in the fatty tissue. whereas…
Q: The first enzyme in the Krebs cycle is the A.citrate synthase B.pyruvate dehydrogenase C. α-…
A: Kreb's cycle is also called as citric acid cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle). It is a common…
Q: Describe the advantage of regenerating oxaloacetate at the end of each turn of the citric acid…
A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is also known as the…
Q: ___ molecules of ATP are ultimately formed per every acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle…
A: The TCA cycle is one of the central metabolic pathways for the supply of energy in the living body.…
Q: As glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules, the link reaction occurs twice per…
A: Glycolysis is the process of complete oxidation of glucose resulting in the formation of 2 pyruvate…
Q: Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the three different molecules pyruvate is converted…
A: Pyruvate is majorly released from the process of glycolysis, which is a three-carbon compound.
Q: Outline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:(a) Entry into the citric acid…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…
Q: Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with…
A: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that uses oxygen as a reactant to produce…
Q: Place the events for glycolysis in the correct order. Formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate A…
A: Glycolysis is a process in which one mole of glucose is break down into two moles of pyruvate. It…
Q: Oxidation of pyruvate occurs in the of the Mitochondria a. Matrix ....... Inner membrane b.…
A: Pyruvate - Pyruvate is an important chemical compound. It is the final product of the Glycolysis…
Q: All the reactions involved during gluconeogenesis occur in the cytosol except the one catalyzed by…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesis of glucose from non Carbohydrate sources like aminoacids…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a fate of pyruvate in metabolism? . Conversion to alanine as its…
A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Pyruvate…
Q: hexokinase catalyzes the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. What may happen if there is…
A: Glycolysis The step in respiration in which single 6 carbon molecule glucose converted into 2…
Q: Phosphoglucomutase is crucial for glycogen breakdown as well as for glycogen synthesis. Explain the…
A: Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from the 6th to the 1st position on…
Q: Thioester play an important role in glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Which reactions in glycolysis and…
A: Thioesters usually come from/get interconverted with the acyl phosphate species, or acyl adenylate
Q: In absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate in muscle because
A: Anaerobic glycolysis is the process where glucose is converted to lactate when sufficient amounts of…
Q: During gluconeogenesis, the three irreversible steps of glycolysis have to be bypassed. The first…
A: Gluconeogenesis:A metabolic process in which organisms from sugars such as glucose by making use of…
Q: Does oxidase, catalyzes the oxidation of molecular oxygen? True or False
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are proteins. Chemical reactions are sped up with catalysts.…
Q: Compare and contrast pyruvate metabolism in themitochondrion and the hydrogenosome.
A: Cellular respiration is the oxidation of nutrients to retrieve the energy stored in them.
Q: You know that during oxidative phosphorylation, 1 NADH creates 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH2 creates 1.5 ATP.…
A: The breakdown of glucose takes place during glycolysis is in which there isa net gain of 8 ATP The…
Q: During aerobic respiration how many ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of a single molecule…
A: During aerobic respiration, Glycolysis converts glucose breakdown and produces 2 molecules of…
Q: Cytochrome c may associate with cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in the inner mitochondrial…
A: Introduction- Mitochondria play an important role in leading to apoptotic effects during apoptosis.…
Q: Which glycolysis reactions are catalyzed by the following enzymes?(a) Pyruvate kinase(b)…
A: Glycolysis is the process, during which glucose molecule is converted into molecules of pyruvate.
Q: For the citric acid cycle to occur, pyruvate must be transported from _____________ where glycolysis…
A: The series of chemical reactions that involve the conversion of the stored energy content is termed…
Q: Describe the role played by each enzyme, cofactor, andcoenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
A: Introduction: The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is done by oxidative decarboxylation. This…
Q: What is the ATP yield from lactate if lactate is fully catabolized aerobically? (Note: This process…
A: Pyruvate is converted to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) under anaerobic conditions.…
Q: Glycolysis is regulated primarily by _______________. a. three strongly exergonic, non-equilibrium…
A: The pathway that transform glucose to pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The free energy that is…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Question 94 Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____. electron transport chemiosmosis glycolysis the citric acid cycleQUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonicQuestion 3 Without oxygen (O2) present, glycolysis normally cannot continue because: There is no more NAD+ being produced The mitochondria die from lack of oxygen O2 is used up during glycolysis enzymes can only function if O2 is present ATP formation requires O2
- Question 1: ATP synthases contains 3 copies of each of the large subunits (called α and β in the E. coli enzyme). The number of c subunits can vary among different ATP synthases, ranging from 8 to 17. Part a: Briefly explain how this variation in the number of c subunits would affect the energetics of ATP synthesis. For a fixed value of the protonmotive force, how much energy can the gradient provide to drive one revolution of the ATP synthase, in a synthase with 8 c- subunits versus a synthase with 17 c-subunits?Question 1: The overall process enabled by the glyoxylate cycle is: (2acetyl-CoA) + (NAD+) + (2H2O) → (succinate) + (2CoA) + (NADH) + (2H+) Dissect this process further by writing down all of the reactions that are actually involved in making one succinate from two acetyl-CoA units. Show chemical structure for all intermediates.QUESTION 47 The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to accept electrons that come from NADH. produce CO2. react with glucose to split water. catalyze reactions in glycolysis. breakdown ATP.
- Question 1: When the CAC is run in reverse by microorganisms that use it to fix carbon, the citrate synthase reaction is different and is catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase. Write the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase, then briefly (in one sentence) explain why the use of different chemistry (different from the ‘normal’ direction) makes sense here.QUESTION NO. 1L-Carnitine is synthesized primarily in the liver but also in the kidneys and then transported to other tissues. It is most concentrated in tissues that use fatty acids as their primary fuel, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle. In this regard, L-carnitine plays an important role in energy production by conjugating to fatty acids for transport from the cytosol into the mitochondria. L-carnitine shuttle is an example of A. ion driven active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. simple diffusion D. ATP driven active transportE. symport F. antiportQUESTION NO.2 Statements: (1) Glucose is both a hexose and a aldose. (2) There can never be more than three enantiomers for a molecule. (3) All common disaccharides have beta-one-four linkages. Which statements are true?Question 4 In mammalian cells, beta oxidation occurs in A.Peroxisome B.Mitochondria c.Lysozome D.Cytoplasm
- Question:: Acyl CoA synthetase hydrolyzes ATP to AMP + PPI (pyrophosphate) as part of the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA. Explain the role played by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase in this reaction (in the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl CoA) in the space provided below.Question No. 1 Give the advantages and disadvantages of submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation. Give two examples of acetic acid fermentation.Question 30 NADH has a higher P/O ratio than FADH2. True False Question 28 In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is directly reducted to lactic acid (lactate) by NADH. True False