What is the ATP yield from lactate if lactate is fully catabolized aerobically? (Note: This process would start with the conversion of lactate to pyruvate.)

Q: The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why…

A: Malate-Aspartate Shuttle is a biochemical system that is used for the translocation of electrons…

Q: What compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potential are synthesized during glycolysis?

A: A quantitative measure of the strength of attachment of the group to the rest of the molecule…

Q: What happens to the electrons removed during the oxidation of triose phosphates during glycolysis?

A: The biomolecules are the basic fundamental building blocks of the living system that serves as the…

Q: Why is pyruvate carboxylase constitutive and active in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

A: The pyruvate carboxylase got multiple sub units of enzymes. Here acetyl CoA helps as an regulatory…

Q: how does iodoacetate inhibit glycolysis? explain.

A: Glycolysis is a process in which one molecule of glucose is converted into two pyruvate molecules.…

Q: If glucose is such a readily available fuel, why is gluconeogenesis necessary?

A: Gluconeogenesis refers to the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as glycerol…

Q: How many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose…

A: Glucose is the preferred biomolecule for the generation of ATP and reducing equivalents. Glucose is…

Q: How does the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate bring about the reversal of one of the…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic process that breaks down glucose to form pyruvate and two adenosine…

Q: In what condition and why is pyruvate converted to lactate?

A: Pyruvic acid is produced as a product of glycolysis, which is the anaerobic metabolism of glucose.…

Q: What is the name of the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis that can lead to muscle fatigue and why…

A: A muscle refers to a group of muscle tissue that contracts to generate force. The failure in the…

Q: Which of the following does not correctly describe the isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate along…

Q: What are the two most important carriers in one-carbonmetabolism? Give two examples of processes in…

A: These are the interlinking pathways that require methionine and folate.

Q: If the malate-aspartate shuttle is inhibited under aerobic conditions, then lactate production…

A: Energy must be supplied to the cell continuously so that the cell maintains the functions and…

Q: What are the structural differences between pyruvate and lactate ions?

A: Pyruvate is the end product of aerobic glycolysis while lactate is the end product of anaerobic…

Q: Under anaerobic circumstances, why is pyruvate converted to lactate?

A: Anaerobic Glycolysis is the process of glucose oxidation that occurs when oxygen levels are low,…

Q: How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in converting (a) 1 mole of glucose to…

A: The phosphate-phosphate bonds formed when compounds such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and…

Q: What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back…

A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process in which one mole of glucose is partially oxidized into the two…

Q: WHAT is the TOTAL NET YIELD of ATP (incl. ATP equivalents from NTPs, NADH, and FADH2) from the…

A: Aerobic oxidation of fatty acids includes beta oxidation of fatty acids and Krebs cycle thise are…

Q: How many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete metabolism of 2.12g of triacylglycerol…

A: Introduction: Triacylglycerols are a rich source of energy. One gram of triacylglycerol contains…

Q: How many molecules of Pyruvate can form from Glycerol metabolism as a by-product of fatty acid…

A: The major precursors of gluconeogenesis are lactate, glycerol, alanine, ketone bodies like…

Q: The pyruvate →lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate → ethanol fermentation in…

A: Anaerobic respiration or fermentation is conversion of glucose into energy which is very less as…

Q: The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway…

A: Glycolysis involves converting glucose into pyruvate in order to generate ATP, the energy currency…

Q: What are the two most common inhibitors of stepsof the citric acid cycle and the reaction catalyzed…

A: The citric acid cycle that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix is the second step of aerobic…

Q: Pyruvate is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following is true…

A: Glycolysis is the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate such as glucose by way of phosphate…

Q: What is the key enzyme of glycolysis which catalyzes the production of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A: Phosphofructokinase is the key enzyme of glycolysis that catalyzes the production of fructose 1,6…

Q: How does pyruvate carboxylase deficiency result in lactic aciduria, an illness in which lactate…

A: Glucose metabolism is regulated by hormones and feedback system.

Q: DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:  a)      Gluconeogenesis b)      Glycolysis c)       Citric Acid…

A: Metabolic pathways play important role in the maintenance of life. Complex molecules are broken down…

Q: What is deltaG" for this reaction ATP + glucose -> ADP + giucose-6-phosphate deltaG"= ?

A: Glycolysis: a cytoplasmic pathway in which  glucose breaks down into two three-carbon compounds and…

Q: Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each…

A: In Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, 1.5 ATP are generated instead of 2.5 ATP for NADH produced during…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred…

A: The malate-aspartate shuttle is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during…

Q: Which one of the following regarding the chemistry of glycolysis & gluconeogenesis is FALSE?

A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose while gluconeogenesis is formation of glucose. Gluconeogenesis…

Q: The large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise (e.g., running) requires large amounts of…

A: During aerobics exercise, there is depletion of glucose and oxaloacetate. Under normal condition,…

Q: What are the similarities and differences between the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase…

A: Introduction Respiration is a metabolic process involving the oxidation of organic compounds to form…

Q: How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the complete catabolism of 1 mol of sucrose?

A: Acetyl Co A plays an important role in many biological compound synthesis such as lipid,…

Q: What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? Explain the importance of Acetyl Co A as…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: What are the two unique enzymes of glyoxylate cycle and their reactions? What main role of the cycle…

A: The main purpose of the glyoxylate cycle is the use of acetyl-CoA for the production of glucogenic…

Q: A congenital defect in the liver enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase resultsin abnormally high levels…

A: Bisphosphatase is an enzyme that converts fructose-1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in…

Q: what is one physiological consequence that might occur if gluconeogenesis was the exact opposite of…

A: Gluconeogenesis is a process by which glucose molecules are produced from non-carbohydrate…

Q: . Name the three unique reactions in gluconeogenesis.

A: Certain tissues or organs (brain, eye, cortex) in the human body utilize only glucose as their major…

Q: If glycerol enters glycolysis as dihydroxyacetone phosphate, what other steps are required to form…

A: Glycolysis is the process to convert glucose to pyruvate. Glucose is a six-carbon compound whereas…

Q: Is GAPDH only a glycolytic enzyme? What are the other physiological functions of GAPDH?

A: As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one needs to be answered, we are…

Q: Why does PGAL have the highest potential energy of glycolysis?

A: Introduction: Glycolysis: The Metabolic Mechanism That Transforms Glucose To Pyruvic Acid Is Known…

Q: What is the effect of the mutation on succinate-coupled ATP synthesis?

A: Succinate : It is a dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of…

Q: What is the chief benefit of being able to perform the glyoxylate cycle?

A: Introduction: The glyoxylate cycle occurs in plants, certain invertebrates, and some microorganisms…

Q: Which steps of glycolysis are irreversible? What bearing does this observation have on the reactions…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic process that involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate whereas…

Q: The large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise(e.g., running) requires large amounts of…

A: ATP and phosphocreatine are the first energy sources to fuel muscles during physical activity but…

Q: Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, a disease that is usually fatal, is caused when the enzyme that…

A: Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic condition. PC…

Q: If the conversion of glycerol to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate releases 1 molecule of ATP, how many…

A: glycolysis is the process of oxidation of glucose to pyruvate to yield energy source in the form of…

Q: The heart cannot convert lactate back to glucose, as the liver does, but instead uses it as a fuel.…

A: Aerobic respiration splits into three main phases, including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETS…

Q: What is the advantage of converting pyruvate into lactate in skeletal muscle?

A: During strenuous exercise, people breathe rapidly to provide more oxygen to the muscles. The body…