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- Which of the following stimulates the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? a) Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase b) A decrease in the ratio of NAD+/NADH c) Bothaandb d) Neither a nor ba) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.A) Consider what would happen if you added any of the citric acid cycle intermediiates: would the rates of ATP produce increase or decrease? What about CO2 production rates? B)What if pyruvate oxidation was blocked? What would you expect to happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid when looking at the citric and cycle
- Show how the pentose phosphate pathway, which is connected to the glycolytic pathway, can do the following. (a) Make both NADPH and pentose phosphates, in roughly equal amounts (b) Make mostly or only NADPH (c) Make mostly or only pentose phosphatesChoose the conditions when PDH is activated. a) acetyl CoA/CoA ratio is high b) NAD+/NADH ratio is low c) the mitochondrial Ca2+ level is high d) ADP/ATP ratio is low e) the energy charge is highNADH (Select all choices that apply) A. is an oxidized molecule B. is the reduced form of NAD+ C. is produced in photosynthesis non-cyclic reactions D. is responsible for allowing more ATP production than FADH2 E. plays a role in glycolysis, transition, Krebs cycle and the ETS
- Need help Which of the following statements is most correct? Explain A. NAD/NADH are involved in catabolic reactions. B. In plants the major source of NADH is from ferredoxin formed from the high energy electrons generated by Photosystem II. C. Large molecules are built using catabolic reactions. D. NADP is not found in animal cells.During respiration various oxidation reduction reaction occurs in plants?could you expand this point further?in detailIn general, the ratio of oxidized versus reduced NAD is best described by which ONE statement below? A. the NADH/NAD+ ratio is greater than 1 B. the NADH/NAD+ ratio is always changing so one cannot make generalized assertions about this ratio C. the NAD+/NADH ratio is greater than 1 D. the NAD+/NADH ratio is equal to 1
- Oxidative decarboxylations— involve loss of CO2 and the production of NADH. do not occur in the TCA cycle. involve loss of CO2 and the production of NAD. occur three times in the TCA cycle. involve loss of CO2 and the production of FADH2.Which of the following should inhibit the PDC by feedback inhibition? Choose all that apply. NADH NAD+ CoASH Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate Glucose 6-phosphateStatins are competitive inhibitors that target HMG CoA reductase to decrease plasma cholesterol. a) What effect statin has on the enzyme's Km, b) How can we reverse a competitive inhibitor's effect? a) Increases Km, b) Increasing the [S] a) decreasing Km, b) Increasing the [S] a) Increases Km, b) decreasing the [S] a) No effect on Km, b) Inhibitor cannot be reversed