Which of the following stimulates the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? a) Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase b) A decrease in the ratio of NAD+/NADH c) Bothaandb d) Neither a nor b

Q: Each cycle of beta (β)-oxidation produces a. 1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 CO2 molecules b. 1 FADH2, 1…

A:

Q: Which of the following products of the non-oxidative stage of PPP is an intermediate of the…

A: The hexose monophosphate shunt, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway, is a shunt from…

Q: What are the three names for the metabolic cycle that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?…

A: In the eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The proton…

Q: What are the steps involved (in order) in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA:  Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and acetyl CoA is…

Q: Which of the following is a negative regulator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)?   1.…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) : It converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA via pyruvate…

Q: Which of the following catalyzes the reduction of oxygen by using the electrons released from…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of producing ATP by using the proton gradient generated by…

Q: If 2 molecules of glucose enters glycolysis, a total of how many carbon dioxide molecules are…

A: Given: If 2 molecules of glucose enters glycolysis, a total of carbon dioxide molecules are released…

Q: Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a 3-carbon substrate molecule, producing a 2- carbon…

A: A sequence of reactions within the living organism during which oxidization of acetic acid or acetyl…

Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence of reactions in the B-oxidation of a fatty acyl-CoA?…

A: Beta oxidation is the process of breakdown of Fatty acids to release energy. Beta oxidation occurs…

Q: How does an increase in the NADH/NAD+ratio affect the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A: The enzyme pyruvate (PDH) dehydrogenase is the major protein complex that helps to connect…

Q: How Are Two CO2 Molecules Produced fromAcetyl-CoA?

A: Explanation: A six-carbon citrate molecule is formed in the citric acid cycle when the acetyl group…

Q: Name three enzymes of glycolysis that produce NADH, the first ATP, and the last ATP, in that order.…

A: Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration in which one molecule of glucose is converted…

Q: Complete the following paragraph describing the fate of the second 14CO-acetyl-CoA molecule…

A: Glyoxylate cycle: This cycle involves the conversion of Acetyl CoA to Succinate for the synthesis…

Q: In the TCA cycle, which of the following combines with Acetyl CoA to form a 6 carbon compound?…

A: The human body needs energy in the form of ATP to fuel the cells for regular functioning. ATP is…

Q: Which enzyme involved in the TCA cycle produces very similar outcomes compared to pyruvate…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a…

Q: What is the final (terminal) electron acceptor in the mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…

A: The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) contains 3 enzymes in it. They are ; Pyruvate…

Q: Why does it make sense that under conditions of low ATP levels in the cell the pyruvate carboxylase…

A: Reaction catalyzed by Pyruvate carboxylase is given below; Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O →Pyruvate…

Q: Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a six-carbon substrate molecule, producing a…

A: Kreb's cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle is a aerobic respiration process in which acetyl CoA is…

Q: What is the function of NAD+ in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate is formed from glycolysis. This pyruvate gets converted to acetyl CoA by oxidative…

Q: Why does it make sense that under conditions of low ATP levels in the cell the pyruvate carboxylase…

A: Glucose is degraded to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm.…

Q: The synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid serves as a bridge between which of the following…

A: Aerobic respiration occurs in presence of oxygen. It includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle and…

Q: Which of the following products of the non-oxidative stage of PPP is an intermediate in the…

A: PPP : Pentose phosphate pathway  The non-oxidative phase of PPP links the glycolysis to the pentose…

Q: If acyetal-CoA dehydrogenase was unavailable, malonyl-CoA could not be made from aceytal-CoA. That…

A: There is no enzyme called acyetal CoA dehydrogenase or acetyl CoA dehydrogenase. The enzyme that…

Q: Acetyl-CoA can be synthesized a. By pyruvate dehydrogenase or fatty acid ?-oxidation b. All the…

A: Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA is a two carbon molecule that acts as source of carbon to the citric…

Q: What are the B-oxidation products of lauric acid (C12H2402), a major component of coconut oil? A.6…

A: B-oxidation: It is the catabolism of fat since the bond break from 2nd/beta carbon and 3rd/gamma…

Q: The number of CO2 molecules liberated for each molecule of acetyl-CoA during oxidative…

A: The tricarboxylic acid cycle also called a citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle is the second stage of…

Q: What are the direct products of b oxidation of a fully saturated, straight-chain acyl-CoA of 13…

A: In this case of odd numbered acyl-CoA chains, beta oxidation ensues in the same way except for the…

Q: Besides two molecules of pyruvate, what are the other net products at the end of glycolytic pathway?

A: Besides two molecules of pyruvate, the other net products at the end of the glycolytic pathway are -…

Q: In own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases…

A: Mitochondria are an essential component of eukaryotic cells, and their failure has been linked to a…

Q: What may be used as a reducing power by glutamate dehydrogenase? 1. NADH 2. acetyl CoA 3. NADPH 4.…

A: In biosynthesis of amino acids, two key amino acids which provide critical entry point are glutamate…

Q: Conversion of pyruvate to PEP requires the action of a. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase b. Two cytosolic…

A: The cell contains many organelles, including mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, cytosol, etc. Each…

Q: When acetyl-CoA oxidized via the citric acid cycle, yields 10 ATP equivalents: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and…

A: The citric acid cycle occurring in the mitochondrial matrix is the second step of cellular…

Q: Why is acetyl-CoA considered a “strategic intermediate” in respiration?

A: Respiration is the process of oxidation of nutrients to retrieve the energy stored in them.

Q: was oxygen used as a reactant in glycolysis, the formation of acetyl CoA, or the citric acid cycle?

A: The cellular respiration is the process by which a cell metabolize glucose and ultimately produce…

Q: Which molecule stimulates the activity of the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme? Is it ADP, CO2, ATP or…

A: Acetyl Co A stimulates  the activity of the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme.It is the major regulator of…

Q: 39. Enzyme involved in the pathway of ethanol fermentation is _____. Select one: a. pyruvate kinase…

A: The glucose molecules are metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to synthesize energy. And…

Q: Which of the following enzymes possesses a catalytic mechanism extremely similar to that of the…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resembles the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The…

Q: Which of the following is higher during high levels of glutathione reductase and NADP? SH A HO (GSH)…

A: Glutathione reductase: Glutathione reductase is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of…

Q: What is the first cofactor to accept electrons from pyruvate in the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme is a multi enzyme complex which links glycolysis to krebs cycle.…

Q: The co-enzyme that helps in the removal of carbon dioxide from pyruvate during the PDH mechanism is…

A: PDH means pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PDH complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl…

Q: Which two enzymes produce reducing equivalents without a loss of carbon in the TCA cycle? O…

A: Question 19: Two enzyme that produce reducing equivalent without the loss of carbon in TCA cycle…

Q: explain the difference between pyruvate carrier and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate refers to the conjugate base of pyruvic acid is an important intermediate in many metabolic…

Q: is acetate present in TCA cycle? Are carbon atoms of acetyle-CoA are converted into CO2?

A: The citric acid cycle is an important metabolic process that links sugars, fat, and protein…

Q: What is the "cost" of synthesizing saturated fatty acid containing 12 carbons from acetyl-CoA in the…

A: Malonyl coenzyme formation is an essential step in the synthesis of fatty acids. At first acetyl,…

Q: What are the diseases a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, succinate dehydrogenase deficiency,…

A: ketoglutarate dehydrogenase:  This is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: The same reactions that were seen in the process of converting pyruvate to acetyl-S-CoA, occur in…

A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and processes carried out in the cells of…

Q: Why is it important that the Embden-Meyerhof, Pentose Phosphate, and Entner-Doudoroff pathways each…

A: Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of the plants and animals that convert the chemical…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.