a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.

Biochemistry
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Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
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a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.

b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.

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