P (Pa) A в 900 600 300 2 4 6 V (m) 2. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken from state A to state B isobarically. a. How much work is done on the gas during the process A→B? b. What is the change in internal energy UA- UB? c. Is heat added or removed from the gas during the process A→B? d. How much heat is added or removed from the gas? The state of the gas is changed from B→C where the pressure drops to 300 Pa without any change in volume and after the gas is compressed to point A isothermally. e. On the diagram below show the complete cycle A→B→C→A. P (Pa) A 900 B 600 300 2 V (m) 4 6

P (Pa) A в 900 600 300 2 4 6 V (m) 2. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken from state A to state B isobarically. a. How much work is done on the gas during the process A→B? b. What is the change in internal energy UA- UB? c. Is heat added or removed from the gas during the process A→B? d. How much heat is added or removed from the gas? The state of the gas is changed from B→C where the pressure drops to 300 Pa without any change in volume and after the gas is compressed to point A isothermally. e. On the diagram below show the complete cycle A→B→C→A. P (Pa) A 900 B 600 300 2 V (m) 4 6

University Physics Volume 2

18th Edition

ISBN:9781938168161

Author:OpenStax

Publisher:OpenStax

Chapter3: The First Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 76P: (a) An ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.0103 m3 to 2.5103 m3. If the initial...

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In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with number of moles n undergoes an adiabatic process. (a) Starting with the expression W=PdV and using the condition PV = constant, show that the work done on the gas is W=(11)(PfVfPiVi) (b) Starting with the first law of thermodynamics, show that the work done on the gas is equal to nCV(Tf Ti). (c) Are these two results consistent with each other? Explain.
(a) Calculate the work done by the gas along the closed path shown below. The curved section between R and S is semicircular. (b) If the process is carried out in the opposite direction, what is the work done by the gas?
(a) An ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.0103 m3 to 2.5103 m3. If the initial pressure and temperature 5.0105 Pa and 300 K, respectively, what are the final pressure and temperature of the gas? Use =5/3 for the gas. (b) In an isothermal process, an ideal gas expands from a of 2.0103 m3 to 2.5103 m3. If the initial pressure and temperature were 5.0105 Pa and 300 K, respectively, what are the final pressure and temperature of the gas?
An ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume by means of several possible processes. Which of the following processes results in the most work done on the gas? (a) isothermal (b) adiabatic (c) isobaric (d) The work done is independent of the process.
Practical steam engines utilize 450C steam, which is later exhausted at 270C. (a) What is the maximum eficiency that such a heat engine can have? (b) Since 270C steam is still quite hot, at second steam engine is sometimes operated using the exhaust of the first. What is the maximum eficiency of the second engine if its exhaust has a temperature of 150C ? (c) What is the overall eficiency of the two engines? (d) Show that this is the same eficiency as a single Carnot engine operating between 450C and 150C. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics.
(a) Construct a table showing the macro states and all of the individual microstates for tossing 13 coins. (Use Table 15.5 as a guide.) (b) How many macro states are there? (c) What is the total number of microstates? (d) What percent chance is here of tossing 5 heads and 1 tail? (e) How much more likely are you to toss 3 heads and 3 tails than 5 heads and 1 tail? (Take me ratio of the number of microstates to find out.)
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Unreasonable Results (a) How many moles per cubic meter of an ideal gas are there at a pressure of 1.001014N/m2 and at 0C ? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which premise or assumption is responsible?
Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies? Does its entropy change? If s, does the entropy increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
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What is the net work output of a heat engine that follows path ABBA in the figure above, with a straight line from B to D? Why is the work output less than for path ABCDA? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics.