Part III. Below indicate whether the appropriate test would be an independent t-test, dependent t-test, One-way ANOVA, or z-test. 4. A researcher wants to know if people find baby animals cuter than adult animals. All of the participants in a study are shown 10 pictures of baby animals and 10 pictures of adult animals. They are asked to rate (on a 1 to 10 scale) how cute they think each animal is. 5. A statistics professor wants to know if students who turn their homework in on time get higher exam grades than students who do not turn their homework in on time. 6. A researcher is interested in whether people who own red cars, blue cars, or silver cars receive more speeding tickets. 7. A researcher wants to know if attitudes towards one’s college change as one progresses from freshman to senior year. She recruits 100 freshman and surveys them about their attitudes toward the college. Three years later, when those 100 students are seniors, she surveys them about their attitudes again. 8. A research is interested in how three different statistics tutorials impact learning. She gives students one of three tutorials, a t-test tutorial, then a one-way ANOVA tutorial, and finally a factorial ANOVA tutorial. She measures their quiz grades for each topic after they have viewed the tutorial. 9. A researcher studying psychological well-being between children from single-parent vs. two-parent families recruits 20 children from two-parent families and 20 children from single-parent families and measures their psychological adjustment. 10. Dr. DeCicco is interested in whether people who drive red, white, or black cars receive more traffic tickets. She compares the number of tickets given to each type of color car.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
Part III. Below indicate whether the appropriate test would be an independent t-test, dependent t-test, One-way ANOVA, or z-test.
4. A researcher wants to know if people find baby animals cuter than adult animals. All of the participants in a study are shown 10 pictures of baby animals and 10 pictures of adult animals. They are asked to rate (on a 1 to 10 scale) how cute they think each animal is.
5. A statistics professor wants to know if students who turn their homework in on time get higher exam grades than students who do not turn their homework in on time.
6. A researcher is interested in whether people who own red cars, blue cars, or silver cars receive more speeding tickets.
7. A researcher wants to know if attitudes towards one’s college change as one progresses from freshman to senior year. She recruits 100 freshman and surveys them about their attitudes toward the college. Three years later, when those 100 students are seniors, she surveys them about their attitudes again.
8. A research is interested in how three different statistics tutorials impact learning. She gives students one of three tutorials, a t-test tutorial, then a one-way ANOVA tutorial, and finally a factorial ANOVA tutorial. She measures their quiz grades for each topic after they have viewed the tutorial.
9. A researcher studying psychological well-being between children from single-parent vs. two-parent families recruits 20 children from two-parent families and 20 children from single-parent families and measures their psychological adjustment.
10. Dr. DeCicco is interested in whether people who drive red, white, or black cars receive more traffic tickets. She compares the number of tickets given to each type of color car.
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