Part ll: Binary Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are produces by nonmetals bonding with one another. You can use the valence electrons for each element to determine the simplest formula that exists between two elements. For example, H has 1 valence electron and needs one more to obey the Octet Rule, so it will only make 1 bond when found in a compound. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs two more to obey the Octet Rule, so it typically makes 2 bonds when found in a compound. Since hydrogen needs just one electron while oxygen needs two, the correct formula for the simplest compound would be H20. However, there are often other combinations possible in addition to the simplest formula. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can also form, H2O2, which is known as hydrogen peroxide. To work with all the possible combinations, some rules have been developed for naming binary covalent compounds. The rules are stated below: 1. The least metallic element will always end in the suffix "-ide". Remember that as you move to the right in a period, the elements become less metallic and as you move down a group, the elements become more metallic. 2. Prefixes will be used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the formula. a. The first ten prefixes in increasing order are: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona and deca. b. If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono is left out. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide. C. If a prefix ends in an "a" or "o" and the name of the element also starts with a vowel, the "a" or "o" of the prefix is dropped. Example, carbon monoxide – not carbon monooxide. 3. Some compounds still go by their common names – such as water (H2O), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Complete the following table: Name Formula sulfur dioxide SO3 nitrogen trioxide Cl207 tricarbon disulfide SCI2 disulfur dichloride P2S5 Silicon dioxide P4010
Part ll: Binary Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are produces by nonmetals bonding with one another. You can use the valence electrons for each element to determine the simplest formula that exists between two elements. For example, H has 1 valence electron and needs one more to obey the Octet Rule, so it will only make 1 bond when found in a compound. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs two more to obey the Octet Rule, so it typically makes 2 bonds when found in a compound. Since hydrogen needs just one electron while oxygen needs two, the correct formula for the simplest compound would be H20. However, there are often other combinations possible in addition to the simplest formula. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can also form, H2O2, which is known as hydrogen peroxide. To work with all the possible combinations, some rules have been developed for naming binary covalent compounds. The rules are stated below: 1. The least metallic element will always end in the suffix "-ide". Remember that as you move to the right in a period, the elements become less metallic and as you move down a group, the elements become more metallic. 2. Prefixes will be used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the formula. a. The first ten prefixes in increasing order are: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona and deca. b. If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono is left out. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide. C. If a prefix ends in an "a" or "o" and the name of the element also starts with a vowel, the "a" or "o" of the prefix is dropped. Example, carbon monoxide – not carbon monooxide. 3. Some compounds still go by their common names – such as water (H2O), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Complete the following table: Name Formula sulfur dioxide SO3 nitrogen trioxide Cl207 tricarbon disulfide SCI2 disulfur dichloride P2S5 Silicon dioxide P4010
Chapter8: Bonding: General Concepts
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 152CP: Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models):...
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Transcribed Image Text:Part II: Binary Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are produces by nonmetals bonding with one another. You can use the valence
electrons for each element to determine the simplest formula that exists between two elements. For
example, H has 1 valence electron and needs one more to obey the Octet Rule, so it will only make 1
bond when found in a compound. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs two more to obey the
Octet Rule, so it typically makes 2 bonds when found in a compound. Since hydrogen needs just one
electron while oxygen needs two, the correct formula for the simplest compound would be H20.
However, there are often other combinations possible in addition to the simplest formula. For
example, hydrogen and oxygen can also form, H2O2, which is known as hydrogen peroxide. To work
with all the possible combinations, some rules have been developed for naming binary covalent
compounds. The rules are stated below:
1. The least metallic element will always end in the suffix "-ide". Remember that as you move to
the right in a period, the elements become less metallic and as you move down a group, the
elements become more metallic.
2. Prefixes will be used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the formula.
a. The first ten prefixes in increasing order are: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta,
octa, nona and deca.
b. If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono is left out. For example,
CO is carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide.
C. If a prefix ends in an "a" or "o" and the name of the element also starts with a vowel,
the "a" or "o" of the prefix is dropped. Example, carbon monoxide - not carbon
monooxide.
3. Some compounds still go by their common names – such as water (H2O), ammonia (NH3) and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Complete the following table:
Name
Formula
sulfur dioxide
SO3
nitrogen trioxide
Cl207
tricarbon disulfide
SCI2
disulfur dichloride
P2S5
Silicon dioxide
P4010
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