People who have infectious mononucleosis (mono) test positive for the virus on a heterophile test. A man who does not have mono but is merely tired and nursing a cold takes the heterophile test, and the test result is positive. What type of error has been made (type 1 or type 2), and why
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People who have infectious mononucleosis (mono) test positive for the virus on a heterophile test. A man who does not have mono but is merely tired and nursing a cold takes the heterophile test, and the test result is positive. What type of error has been made (type 1 or type 2), and why
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- People who have COVID-19 test positive for the virus. A University student who does not have COVID-19, but is merely exhausted from studying for midterms and nursing a cold takes the diagnostic test, and the test result is positive. What type of error is this false positive – is it a Type I or Type II error?In the current pandemic, researchers are working on creating antibody tests to determine which individuals have already had an infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. If someone has been infected, then they will have certain antibodies in their system and the hope is that a highly accurate test can be created to detect these antibodies. Assume a researcher creates a new antibody test, which for individuals who are known to have had the infection in the past and thus truly have the COVID-19 antibodies, gives a positive result 95% of the time. This same test gives a negative result 90% of time for people who do not have the antibodies. Assume that COVID-19 has affected 5% of the population in the region of interest. What is the probability someone has NOT been infected previously given that their antibody test result comes back positive? [four decimals]Type II error occurs when an individual fails to reject H0 when H0is false. True False
- In a study of pain relievers, 25 people were given product A, and all but 6 experienced relief. In the same study 100 people were given product B, and all but 18 experienced relief. Product ? performed worse in the study because ?% failed to get relief with this product, whereas only ?% failed to get relief with Product ?Type II error occurs when an individual fails to reject H0 when H0is falseA group of doctors is deciding whether or not to perform an operation. Suppose the null hypothesis, H0, is: the surgical procedure will go well. Which is the error with the greater consequence?
- Approximately 1% of the US population currently have active coronavirus. According to Johns Hopkins, a particular type of COVID test (RT-PCR), has a false negative rate of 20%. That is, if a person has COVID, and takes this test, there is a 20% chance of testing negative. The false positive rate is about 1% (more recent COVID tests have a false positive rates around .4%). That means that about 1% of people who don’t have COVID will nonetheless test positive. Consider the following two-way table for 1000 randomly selected people who were tested for COVID using (RT-PCR). Positive test Negative test Total Has COVID 8 2 10 No COVID 10 980 990 Total 18 982 1000 What is the probability of choosing someone who tested positive? What is the probability of choosing someone who has COVID? What is the probability of choosing someone who Doesn’t have COVID andtested positive? What is the probability of choosing someone with COVID given that they…Which of these is a Type II error? A Larry gets kicked out of the dinner party even though he didn't stain the chair B Larry gets kicked out of the dinner party because he stained the chair C Larry doesn't get kicked out of the dinner party because he didn't stain the chair D Larry doesn't get kicked out of the dinner party even though he stained the chairAn aircraft emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is a device designed to transmit a signal in the case of a crash. Company A makes 80% of the ELTs, Company B makes 15% of them and Company C makes the other 5%. The ELTs made by Company A have a 7.8% rate of defects, the Company B ELTs have a 6.3% rate of defects and the Company C ELTs have 6.4% rate of defects. If a randomly selected ELT is tested and found to be defective, find is the probability that it was made by Company A? Give your answer to three decimal places.
- A chi square test for homogeneity applies to: Select one: a. data from a single random sample where the sample is classified by values of three or more categorical variables. b. data from samples from two or more populations where each sample is classified by values of two categorical variables. c. data from samples from two or more populations where each sample is classified by values of a single categorical variable. d. data from a single random sample where the sample is classified by values of two categorical variables.A medical device company has developed a new needle that they claim reduces the incidence of injection-site reactions for a particular medication. An experiment is to be conducted to determine if there is sufficient evidence to make that claim. Which of the following is a correct description and consequence of a Type I error? A. A Type I error would occur if the medical device company incorrectly administers the medication with the new needle, causing it to be impossible to determine whether the number of injection-site reactions have increased or decreased with the new needle. B. A Type I error would occur if, in reality, the new needle does not reduce the incidence of injection-site reactions, but the significance test detects such a difference. The consequence of such an error would be that the medical device company would produce this new needle, but it would not be beneficial. C. A Type I error would occur if, in reality, the new needle reduces the incidence of injection-site…Two new accessions of pepper were tested for pungency. The two accessions were given to ten persons who scored the pepper samples as 1 if it is the more pungent of the two and 0 , otherwise. Which test can be conducted to compare pungency of the two new accessions? a. F-test B. Friedman C. t-test D. sign test