please explain 8. For the following questions, indicate how each parameter stated would altermembrane potential (increase: makes more positive, decrease: makes more negative,or no significant change).A. Increasing K+ permeability on the resting membrane potentialB. Increasing the extracellular [Na+] on resting membrane potentialC. Decreasing the extracellular [Na+] on the action potential amplitudeD. Increasing the intracellular [K+] on action potential amplitudeE. Increasing Cl- permeability on resting membrane potential

Introduction: A membrane's voltage varies rapidly in a series known as action potentials. The…

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Biology

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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYK: The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the...

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Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct neurotransmitter release. b. It transmits the action potential at the nodes of Ranvier andthus speeds up impulses on myelinated axons. c. It increases neurotransmitter release at the presynapticmembrane. d. It decreases neurotransmitter uptake at chemically gatedpostsynaptic channels. e. It removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
1. Which of the following is the rapid upstroke in the action potential? A. Phase 0 B. Phase 1 C. Phase 2 D. Phase 3
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period? +30 mV 0 mV -45 mV -80 mv
8. When a nerve impulse reaches the nerve endings the permeability of the A. Presynaptic membrane to potassium increases B. Presynaptic membrane to sodium decreases C. Presynaptic membrane to calcium increases D. Presynaptic Membranes of calcium decreases
1. The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? 2. Explain why the membrane potential changes at X 3. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential 4. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential
3. Explain all the electrical and mechanical events which occur during each measured wave, segment andinterval. An electrical event would be membrane polarization: depolarization, repolarization, restingmembrane potential, hyperpolarization etc; mechanical events include blood flow, open or closed valves,heart sounds, contraction, relaxation, pressure changes, etc. An example of a complete answer for the P waveis given below. Feel free to use your lecture and/or textbook as a reference to make the connections betweenECG and the cardiac cycle. This is a great way to review for the exam and apply what you are learning. P Wave – During the P wave, depolarization is sweeping from the SA node throughout both atria (electricalevent). This leads to the beginning of atrial contraction (mechanical event).PR Interval -P-R Segment –QRS Complex –Q-T Interval –S-T Segment –T Wave –T-P Segment –R-R Interval –
Please answer both 1) What is responsible for returning the cell to its normal resting membrane potential following the absolute refractory period? a) K+ leak channels b) the Na+/K+ pump c) activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels d) a ligand binding to a ligand-gated Na+ channel 2) What property of an action potential allows it to propagate? a) the rapid period of depolarization b) the rapid period of repolarization c) the brief period of hyperpolarization d) the fact that the peak is 85 mV above threshold
4 Which of the following would be an example of spatial summation that produces a depolarizing effect at the postsynaptic neuron? Resting membrane potential is -70 mV and threshold is -55 mV. Group of answer choices IPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd IPSP of 5 from neuron A Simultaneous application of an IPSP of 5 from neuron A and an IPSP of 10 from neuron B Simultaneous application of an EPSP of 5 from neuron A and an EPSP of 10 from neuron B EPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd EPSP of 5 from neuron A
3) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are reversed. b) the cell is below its normal resting membrane potential. c) voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates are closed. d) voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates are closed.
1) When threshold (-55 mV) is reached: a) voltage-gated K+ channels immediately open. b) Na+ enters through voltage-gated channels. c) the inactivation gate on Na+ channels opens. d) K+ leak channels close. 2) At the peak of an action potential (choose the two correct answers): a) voltage-gated K+ channels are open. b) K+ leak channels close. c) voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivate. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels close.