Please help me im so confused. a. Which is the homogametic sex in humans? ii. the heterogametic sex in humans? b.) Which is the homogametic sex in these moths? ii.) the heterogametic sex in these moths? Support your answers in part c by analyzing the two crosses shown above. PLEASE DEFINE YOUR SYMBOLS and show your work clearly.
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Please help me im so confused.
a. Which is the homogametic sex in humans?
ii. the heterogametic sex in humans?
b.) Which is the homogametic sex in these moths?
ii.) the heterogametic sex in these moths?
Support your answers in part c by analyzing the two crosses shown above. PLEASE
DEFINE YOUR SYMBOLS and show your work clearly.
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- A recessive allele in mice results in an unusually long neck. Sometimes,during early embryonic development, the long neck causesthe embryo to die. An experimenter began with a population oftrue-breeding mice with normal necks and true-breeding mice withlong necks. Crosses were made between these two populations toproduce an F1 generation of mice with normal necks. The F1 micewere then mated to each other to obtain an F2 generation. For themice that were born alive, the following data were obtained:522 mice with normal necks62 mice with long necksWhat percentage of homozygous mice (that would have had longnecks if they had survived) died during embryonic development?Among Native Americans, two types of earwax (cerumen) are seen, dry and sticky. A geneticist studied theinheritance of this trait by observing the types of offspring produced by different kinds of matings. Heobserved the following numbers:OffspringParents Number of mating pairs Sticky DrySticky × sticky 10 32 6Sticky × dry 8 21 9Dry × dry 12 0 42a. How is earwax type inherited?b. Why are no 3:1 or 1:1 ratios present in the datashown in the chart?. In 1919, Calvin Bridges began studying an X-linkedrecessive mutation causing eosin-colored eyes inDrosophila. Within an otherwise true-breedingculture of eosin-eyed flies, he noticed rare variantsthat had much lighter cream-colored eyes. By intercrossing these variants, he was able to make a truebreeding cream-eyed stock. Bridges now crossedmales from this cream-eyed stock with true-breedingwild-type females. All the F1 progeny had red (wildtype) eyes. When F1 flies were intercrossed, the F2progeny were 104 females with red eyes, 52 maleswith red eyes, 44 males with eosin eyes, and14 males with cream eyes. Assume that thesenumbers represent an 8:4:3:1 ratio.a. Formulate a hypothesis to explain the F1 and F2results, assigning phenotypes to all possiblegenotypes.b. What do you predict in the F1 and F2 generations if the parental cross is between truebreeding eosin-eyed males and true-breedingcream-eyed females?c. What do you predict in the F1 and F2 generationsif the parental cross is…
- In a plant, fruit color is either red or yellow, and fruit shape iseither oval or long. Red and oval are the dominant traits. Twoplants, both heterozygous for these traits, were testcrossed, withthe results shown in the following table. Determine the locationof the genes relative to one another and the genotypes of the twoparental plants. ProgenyPhenotype Plant A Plant Bred, long 46 4yellow, oval 44 6 red, oval 5 43yellow, long 5 47Total 100 100A trait in garden peas involves the curling of leaves. A two-factorcross was made by crossing a plant with yellow pods and curlingleaves to a wild-type plant with green pods and normal leaves. AllF1 offspring had green pods and normal leaves. The F1 plants werethen crossed to plants with yellow pods and curling leaves. Thefollowing results were obtained: 117 green pods, normal leaves115 yellow pods, curling leaves78 green pods, curling leaves80 yellow pods, normal leavesA. Conduct a chi square analysis to determine if these two genesare linked.B. If they are linked, calculate the map distance between the twogenes. How accurate do you think this calculated distance is?A particular breed of dog can have long hair or short hair. Whentrue-breeding long-haired animals were crossed to true-breedingshort-haired animals, the offspring all had long hair. The F2 generation showed a 3:1 ratio of long- to short-haired offspring. Asecond gene affects the texture of the hair. The two variants arewiry hair and straight hair. F1 offspring from a cross of these twovarieties all had wiry hair, and F2 offspring showed a 3:1 ratio ofwiry-haired to straight-haired puppies. Recently, a breeder of theshort- and wiry-haired dogs found a female puppy that was albino.Similarly, another breeder of the long- and straight-haired dogsfound a male puppy that was albino. Because the albino trait is always due to a recessive allele, the two breeders got together andmated the two dogs. Surprisingly, all of the puppies in the litterhad black hair. How can you explain this result?
- Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in Drosophila, and severaldifferent genes (with each gene existing in two or more alleles) affect eye color. One allele causes purple eyes, and a different allelecauses vermilion eyes. The purple and vermilion alleles are recessive to red eye color. Two types of crosses provided thefollowing data:Cross 1: Males with vermilion eyes × females with purple eyes354 offspring, all with red eyesCross 2: Males with purple eyes × females with vermilion eyes212 male offspring with vermilion eyes221 female offspring with red eyesExplain the pattern of inheritance based on these results. Whatadditional crosses might you make to confirm your hypothesis?The distance between two molecular markers that are linked alongthe same chromosome can be determined by analyzing the outcomesof crosses. This can be done in humans by analyzing a family’spedigree. However, the accuracy of linkage mappingwith human pedigrees is fairly limited because the number of people in mostfamilies is relatively small. As an alternative, researchers can analyze a population of sperm, produced from a single male, and computelinkage distance in this manner. As an example, let’s suppose a maleis heterozygous for two polymorphic STSs. STS-1 exists in two sizes:234 bp and 198 bp. STS-2 also exists in two sizes: 423 bp and 322bp. A sample of sperm was collected from this man, and individualsperm were placed into 40 separate tubes. In other words, there wasone sperm in each tube. Believe it or not, PCR is sensitive enough toallow analysis of DNA in a single sperm! Into each of the 40 tubeswere added the primers that amplify STS-1 and STS-2, and then thesamples were…The distance between two molecular markers that are linked alongthe same chromosome can be determined by analyzing the outcomesof crosses. This can be done in humans by analyzing a family’spedigree. However, the accuracy of linkage mapping in humanpedigrees is fairly limited because the number of people in mostfamilies is relatively small. As an alternative, researchers cananalyze a population of sperm, produced from a single male, andcompute linkage distance in this manner. As an example, let’ssuppose a male is heterozygous for two polymorphic STSs. STS-1exists in two sizes: 234 bp and 198 bp. STS-2 also exists in twosizes: 423 bp and 322 bp. A sample of sperm was collected fromthis man, and individual sperm were placed into 40 separate tubes.In other words, there was one sperm in each tube. Believe it or not,PCR is sensitive enough to allow analysis of DNA in a single sperm!Into each of the 40 tubes were added the primers that amplify STS-1and STS-2, and then the samples were…
- A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color andred eyes) is mated with a black fruit fly with purple eyes. Theoffspring are wild-type, 721; black purple, 751; gray purple, 49;black red, 45. What is the recombination frequency betweenthese genes for body color and eye color? Using informationfrom problem 3, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes)would you mate to determine the order of the body color, wingsize, and eye color genes on the chromosome?. Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenientMorgan obtained a white-eyed male fly in a population containing many red-eyed flies that he thought were truebreeding. As mentioned in the experiment, he crossed this fly withseveral red-eyed females, and all the offspring had red eyes. Butactually this is not quite true. Morgan observed 1237 red-eyed fliesand 3 white-eyed males. Provide two or more explanations why heobtained 3 white-eyed males in the F1 generation.